兰州市街道尘埃元素质量分数季节变化特征  

Seasonal variation characteristics of element concentration of street dust in Lanzhou

作　　者：王冠[1] 夏敦胜[1,2] 杨丽萍[1] 陈发虎[1] 刘秀铭[1,3] 魏海涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]澳大利亚麦考瑞大学自然地理系,澳大利亚麦考瑞NSW2109

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第1期6-10,共5页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40571147，40401064);科技部重点国际合作项目(2002CB714004)资助

摘　　要：对不同季节采集的兰州市街道尘埃样品,用X射线荧光法分析了其中41种元素的质量分数,并用富集因子法对数据进行分析.结果表明:兰州市街道尘埃样品主要含有Si,Al,Ca,Fe,Na,Mg,K,S,Ti,Cl,P,Mn,Ba及少量Zn,Sr,Zr,Ce;基于对3个不同季节元素质量分数的对比,所测元素质量分数季节变化可分为4种类型:春高型、秋高型、冬高型和平均型.富集因子的计算结果显示Rb,V,Cu,Cr,Pb,La,Ni,Nd,As,Y,Sc,Ga,Co,Nb,Th等元素主要来源于土壤的贡献;Al,La,Ce,S,As等元素在采暖期质量分数显著增高,主要来源于燃煤;Ba,Pb,Cl源于汽车尾气;Zn源于工业污染.Street dust samples were collected in Lanzhou and 41 elements were analysed by X-ray fluorescence. Meanwhile, enrichment factors were calculated for the source identification. Our study indicated that Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Na, Mg, K, S, Ti, Cl, P, Mn and Ba contribute to the primary composition in the street dust, with a small quantity of Zn, Sr, Zr, Ce. Based on the comparison of element concentrations in three seasons, four classes such as spring-high, autumn-high, winter-high and hypodispersion, were revealed. Enrichment factor calculation demonstrats that Rb, V, Cu, Cr, Pb, La, Ni, Nd, As, Y, Sc, Ga, Co, Nb, Th are generated by soil to a great extent, while Al, La, Ce, S and As are from coal burning and their concentrations are higher during the heating period. Zn comes from industrial pollution. And elements such as Ba, Pb, Cl are generally from vehicular exhausts.

关 键 词：街道尘埃 化学元素 富集因子 季节变化 兰州 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]