当代汉语摹状格式探微  

On the Describing Structures by Depictive Auxiliary Words in Contemporary Chinese

作　　者：张谊生[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学语言研究所

出　　处：《语言科学》2008年第2期144-158,共15页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(项目号:07BYY048);教育部社科项目(项目号:05JA740021);上海市哲社项目(项目号:2006BYY006)的资助

摘　　要：从附着对象的音节、构造和类别以及格式本身的性质看,摹状格式"X状、X样、X相"都已是组合自由的短语了,而"状、样、相"本身也已转化成相对独立的单词了。摹状格式主要充当"作"类动词的宾语,也可以充当定语、状语,乃至主语和介词宾语;句法功能上接近于体词性,但具体分布存在不平衡性。这三类格式都可以同类连用或异类合用。摹状格式的基本表达作用在于通过选取摹状对象某些最典型的外貌、形状、表情、动作等特征,描摹或比况各种生动形象的情状。三个摹状词的形成来源、句法特征存在一些区别,表达也各有侧重。The typical usage of the descriptive structure by depictive auxiliary words zhuang（状）, yang（样） and xiang（相）is to serve as objective of zuo（作）usually, as subjective and prepositional objective occasionally, and also as attribute and predicate on some specific conditions. The syntactical functions of three descriptive structures are meanly substantive nouns but the disequilibrium among their distributions. The basic function of the descriptive structures is to describe all kinds of vivid appearances, features and behaviors to express some visual human appearance, affections and some feelings. There are some differences in syntactical functions and expressive effect among the descriptive structures. Along with the increasing need for accuracy and vitality in expressions, the morpheme of zhuang（状）, xiang （相） and the word yang （样） have become rapidly,from adherence becoming to freedom,from a root to a word,from a sinle syllable to a polyphony,and at last have become a depictive auxiliary word.

关 键 词：描摹 类比 摹状词 摹状格式 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]