黄土高原杏、枣幼树塑膜微集水促渗技术  

Technique of Plastic Micro-Catchment and Promote-Infiltration for Economic Forest on Loess Plateau

作　　者：王延平[1] 杨荣惠[1] 张海[1] 白光明 常善岗 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,杨凌712100 [2]陕西省米脂县气象局,米脂718100

出　　处：《林业科学》2008年第2期85-92,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家林业局重点科技支撑项目“陕北地区植被恢复关键技术研究与示范”;陕西省科技攻关项目(2005K01-G14-03)资助

摘　　要：在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区，采用塑膜微集水促渗技术，可提高杏、枣栽植成活率、产量、品质、自然降水利用率和经济效益，防止土壤干化及其所导致的植株生长不良的发生。试验结果表明：杏树和枣树的栽植成活率分别比对照高14%和24%；幼树生长发育快，树势强，杏树栽后5年总产量达到13190kg·hm^-2，比对照增产96.87%，枣树栽后5年总产量达到18000kg·hm^-2，比对照增产92.51%，且果实显著增大；5年生杏树自然降水利用率达2.92kg·m^-3，比对照提高53.68%，5年生枣树自然降水利用率达3.45kg·m^-3，比对照提高53.33%；杏树和枣树的纯收入分别比对照提高36.73%和63.71%；每年底根际区（0-2m）土壤贮水量明显高于对照，年际间呈现稳定而缓慢的增长趋势；生长季根际区（0-200cm）的含水量一直高于对照，且雨季差异增大，这种现象在80-200cm土层表现更为明显；在集中降雨前后根际区以下（2-6m土层）的贮水增量为31.1mm，相当于对照的近40倍，这部分水可在干旱季节上移供植株生长利用。该技术成本低、简单易行、使用年限长、效率高，在我国广大的干旱贫困山区具有广阔的应用前景。In hilly and gully region of ,loess plateau, the technique of plastic-catchment and promote-infiltration can increase survival rate, yield and quality of apricot ahd jujube, rainwater use efficiency and economic benefit, and prevent effectively from soil desiccation and harmful effect on plantgrowth. The experimental results indicated： The survival rate of apricot and jujube with the treatment increased respectively by 14% and 24% compared with control. The sapling grew quickly. The total yield of apricot fruit achieved 13 190 kg·hm^-2 in 5 years after plantation, and increased by 96.87% compared with control. The total yield of jujube fruit achieved 18 000 kg·hm^-2 in 5 years after plantation, and increased by 92.51% compared with control. Simultaneously the technique was able to remarkably enhance size of the fruit. Rainwater use efficiency of 5-year-old apricot reached 2.92 kg·m^-3, and increased by 53.68 % compared with control. Rainwater use efficiency of 5-year-old jujube reached 3.45 kg·m^-3 , and increased by 53.33% compared with control. Net income of apricot and jujube increased respectively by 36.73 % and 63.71% compared with their control. At the end of every year soil water storage of rhizosphere area （0 - 2 m） was obviously higher than control, the annual change in yield, water use efficiency, and etc. increased stably and gradually. In the growing season soil water content of rhizosphere area （0 - 2 m） was always higher than control, especially in rainy weather. This phenomenon was more obvious in 80 - 200 cm soil layers. During concentrated precipitation soil water recruitment below rhizosphere area （2 - 6 m） was 31.1mm, which was almost equal to 40 times of control. This water could be used by plant in arid season. This technique, with low cost simple operation, and long service time was high efficiency. It may have broad application prospect in the general drought and impoverished ;nountainous area of our country.

关 键 词：黄土高原 杏幼树 枣幼树 塑膜集水 促渗管 降水利用率 

分 类 号：S759.3[农业科学—森林经理学]