解读默顿科学规范  

Unscrambling Merton's Norms

作　　者：包和平[1] 韩晖[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学法政学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022 [2]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《内蒙古大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2008年第1期110-114,共5页Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：20世纪40年代初默顿科学规范提出以后,曾被广泛接受,成为当时社会组织科学活动的理论依据。然而,随着科学自身的发展,科学哲学中相对主义思潮的兴起,人们对科学知识的内容进行更加深入的反思,默顿科学规范受到质疑和挑战。通过重新解读文本可以得出,默顿提出科学规范的根本目标就在于从科学制度的层面上确立科学的自主性,实现科学的稳定和发展。默顿科学规范所遇困境的根源是它的认识论基础——逻辑实证主义被解构。In the early 1940＇s, once Merton＇s norms were brought forward and widely accepted, they became the theoretical basis for society＇s establishment of scientific activity. However, along with the natural progress of science; the rise of the thought of the relativism of science and philosophy ; and the deepening of the consideration of the content of scientific knowledge, Merton＇s norms received criticism and challenges. The root goal of the scientific standard promoted by Melton was to achieve the independence of science within the scientific community and to realize scientific stability and development. There still exist misinterpretations and misunderstandings of Merton＇s norms in current educational circle. Because of this, it is necessary to reunscramble the texts related to Merton＇s norms and make some clarifications. The root of the difficulties that Merton＇s norms have met is the basis of its epistemology - deconstruction of logical positivism.

关 键 词：默顿科学规范 科学的自主性 科学制度 逻辑实证主义 相对主义 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]