对强化生物除磷机理与工艺认识误区的剖析  

Misunderstanding in Mechanisms and Processes of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal

作　　者：郝晓地[1] 张向平[1] 曹亚莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑工程学院可持续环境生物技术研发中心,北京100044

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2008年第6期1-5,共5页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：北京市可持续水与废物循环利用技术"学术创新团队"项目(BJE10016200611);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2006AA06Z320)

摘　　要：结合国际上生物除磷机理与工艺的最新进展,分析了目前我国在污水生物除磷工艺研发和运行中存在的一些认识误区。基于成熟的生物除磷生化代谢机理,指出反硝化除磷菌(DPB)是一种广泛存在于一些强化生物除磷(EBPR)工艺中的聚磷菌(PAOs),无需特殊培养;对于市政污水,EBPR工艺中出现的聚糖原菌(GAOs)一般不会成为聚磷菌(PAOs/DPB)的竞争者而严重影响系统的除磷功能。针对强化生物除磷工艺的认识误区,指出污泥龄(SRT)是设计的关键参数,在最不利细菌生长的冬季,控制SRT>12 d即可使EBPR保持较好的硝化与脱氮除磷效果;在污水生物处理除磷工艺选择上,"厌氧池+氧化沟"只是污水处理升级而演变出的一种被动型工艺,并非最佳的EBPR工艺选择;此外倒置A2/O工艺由于忽略了聚磷菌所需的进水碳源及DPB的作用,并不一定能改进EBPR的生物除磷效果。Combined with the international updated progress in mechanisms and processes of biological phosphorus removal, some misunderstandings in development and operation of processes of biological phosphorus removal from wastewater in China were analyzed. Based on the mature biochemical metabolic mechanisms of biological phosphorus removal, it is pointed out that denitrifying phosphorus remo- ving bacteria （DPB） are a type of PAOs which exist extensively in some enhanced biological phosphorus removal （EBPR） processes, without being cultured specially. Glycogen-accumulating organisms （GAOs） are almost impossible to have superiority over PAOs with municipal wastewater being an influent. The key parameter for the process design of EBPR is SRT. When SRT is controlled at more than 12 d in winter unfavorable for bacteria growth, the EBPR processes can have better nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal effect. Anaerobic tank plus oxidation ditch is an outcome of upgrading of WWTP and is not an optimal EBPR process. Reversed A^2/O process may not improve EBPR effect due to negligence of influent carbon source and DPB function.

关 键 词：强化生物除磷 聚磷菌 反硝化除磷茵 聚糖原菌 污泥停留时间 氧化沟 倒置A^2/0工艺 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]