稻田CH_4和N_2O排放关系及其微生物学机理和一些影响因子  

Relationship bwtween CH_4 and N_2O emissions from rice field and its microbiological mechanism and impacting factors.

作　　者：侯爱新[1] 陈冠雄[1] 吴杰[1] 王正平[2] OswaldVanCleemput 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110015 [2]美国路易斯安娜州立大学湿地生物地球化学研究所,la70803 [3]比利时根特大学农业与应用生物科学系

出　　处：《应用生态学报》1997年第3期270-274,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院陆地生态系统痕量物质生态过程开放实验室;美国农业部;比利时外交贸易发展合作部资助项目

摘　　要：用静态箱法原位观测和分析了我国北方稻田 3～ 1 2月CH4和N2 O的排放及其关系 ,并研究了这一关系发生的微生物学机理 .同时 ,监测了土壤湿度、pH、水分及Eh的变化 .结果表明 ,稻田CH4和N2 O排放之间存在着互为消长的关系 (R2 =0 0 4 94) .土壤湿度、pH及Eh变化范围分别在 0～ 2 4℃、6 87～ 7 0 2和 41 5～ 30 0mv之间 ,水分从非淹水期的 38～ 72 %FC至 5～ 1 0cm浅水淹灌 .土壤Eh对CH4和N2 O的释放起重要的调控作用 .在整个观测期内 ,与CH4和N2 O释放密切相关的 6种菌群 (发酵细菌、产氢产乙酸细菌、产甲烷细菌、甲烷氧化菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌 )各有其数量消长及酶活性变化规律 ,稻田CH4和N2 O排放之间互为消长的关系受这些相关微生物数量及酶活性变化的共同调控 .The CH\-4 and N\-2O emissions from rice field in northern China were measured in situ by chamber technique from March to December 1995～1996,and their relationship was discussed.Soil temperature,pH,moisture and Eh in the rice field were also determined.The results showed that there was a significant teade off between CH\-4 and N\-2O emissions(R\+2=-0.494).During the period of monitoring,soil temperature,pH and Eh varied between 0 and 24℃,6.87 and 7.02,adn 415 and 300mv,respectively.Soil moisture was 38～72% FC during the non flooding period.Among these impacting factors,soil Eh was very important functionally on CH\-4 and N\-2O emissions.Six related bacteria groups in this rice field,fermenters,H\-2 producing acetogens,methanogens,methanotrophs,nitrifiers and denitrifiers,were obsered,All of them had their own dynamic patterns in their numbers and enzyme activities during the period of observation.The trade off between CH\-4 and N\-2O emissions from rice field could be controlled by the dynamics of the numbers and enzyme activities of these related microorgamisms.

关 键 词：水稻 稻田 甲烷 一氧化二氮 微生物 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]