广西雅长自然保护区洞穴动物调查  

Cave fauna in Yachang Nature Reserve, Guangxi

作　　者：李学珍[1] 牛长缨[1] 焦忠久[1] 雷朝亮[1] 谭学锋 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学昆虫资源研究所,武汉430070 [2]广西林业局动植物保护站,南宁530022

出　　处：《生物多样性》2008年第2期185-190,共6页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：教育部留学回国科研启动基金(4002-062029)

摘　　要：洞穴生物多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分。广西是我国喀斯特地貌主要分布区之一,洞穴生物多样性丰富,但目前研究甚少。2007年5–6月,对广西雅长自然保护区8个洞穴中的动物进行了采集分类,共获标本180余号,隶属4门10纲20目31科36种(或类群)。其中,洞穴灶马、马陆、蜘蛛等为洞穴常见类群,弹尾目、蜈蚣目、双翅目的蚊类、蝇类等是洞穴分布较广泛的类群,蜚蠊目、脉翅目等在洞穴中很少见到,是数量极少的稀有类群。潮湿洞穴比干燥洞穴物种多样性丰富,较深的洞穴比较浅的洞穴物种多样性丰富,在同一洞穴中,潮湿的洞段比干燥洞段分布的洞穴动物数量多。就洞穴动物的居栖习性而言,洞穴温度适中、湿度大、洞穴环境稳定,不受外来洪水或外来生物的侵扰,比较适宜洞穴动物生存。另在调查的过程中,发现部分洞穴生态环境遭到严重破坏,洞穴生物的生存受到威胁,为防止我国洞穴生物多样性的丧失,必须加强当地居民的洞穴生物多样性保护意识,保护洞穴环境,并制定相关法律法规保护洞穴生物。Cave fauna is an important component of biodiversity, Guangxi has the most spectacular Karst scenery in China beneath which lies a plenty of unexplored cave fauna. However, very little research has been carded out to document them. We collected and identified 180 cave animal specimens, from eight caves in Yachang Nature Reserve, Leye County, NW Guangxi between May and June of 2007. These specimens belonged to 4 phyla, 10 classes, 20 orders, 31 families, and 36 species/groups. Among them, cave crickets, millipedes and spiders are the most widely occurring animals, while Cololembola, Scolopendromorpha, the mosquitoes and flies of Diptera are widely distributed. Blattaria and Neuroptera are only occasionally found. There are more cave animals in wet or longer caves than in dry or shorter ones. In the same cave, dry seg- ment has less cave animals than wet segment. In general, moderate temperature, high humidity, a stable cave environment and an absence of exotic invasive species provides an ideal habitat for cave animals. Unfortu- nately, we found that some caves have been seriously damaged due to the lack of conservation, which threatens the survival of cave fauna. To avoid loss of Chinese cave biodiversity, we should arouse public awareness of protecting the cave environment. Furthermore, laws of cave biodiversity protection should be made as soon as possible.

关 键 词：雅长自然保护区 洞穴动物 分布 种类 居栖习性 

分 类 号：S862[农业科学—野生动物驯养]