三个转Bt基因抗虫杂交棉杂种优势的解剖学分析  

Anatomic Analysis on Heterosis in Three Transgenic Bt Pest-Resistant Hybrid Cotton(G.hirsutum L.)

作　　者：曾斌[1] 王庆亚[2] 唐灿明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院 [2]南京农业大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物学报》2008年第3期496-505,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2001061)

摘　　要：选取湘杂棉3号、南抗3号和鲁棉研15等3个大面积推广的强优势转Bt基因抗虫杂交棉及其亲本为材料,剖析盛花期主茎功能叶(倒4叶)的叶片结构、叶表皮气孔特征以及主茎功能叶的叶脉、叶柄、铃柄和对应的果枝叶叶柄等器官的维管束组织结构。结果表明,3个F1及亲本共9个材料的主茎功能叶(倒4叶)主叶脉中的维管束形态有三分支型、两分支型和无分支型3种,杂种及亲本之一的维管束都为三分支型,说明三分支型的维管束是显性遗传。F1功能叶主叶脉、功能叶叶柄、果枝叶叶柄、铃柄的维管束性状(导管总数、单个导管面积、维管束总面积、维管束组织比)和叶片厚度、叶片栅栏细胞大小的优势表现因组合而异。主叶脉、功能叶叶柄、果枝叶叶柄、铃柄的维管束以及叶片厚度、叶片栅栏细胞大小的优势与杂种的产量优势可能没有关系或相关性较小。3个F1的下表皮单位叶面积气孔总面积均表现超亲优势。果枝叶可能比主茎功能叶对铃的发育影响更大。The anatomical characterization is the basis of physiological function of plants,so it is necessary to analyze heterosis performance and to reveal anatomical mechanism of heterosis.Anatomical characterization of the functional leaf in stem and vascular bundles of sympodial leaf stalk and boll stalk during flowering stage was investigated using three transgenic Bt pest-resistant cotton hybrids Nankang 3,Lumianyan 15,Xiangzamian 3,and their parents.The result showed that there were significant differences between hybrid and its parents in distribution of vascular bundles in the leaf nervures of the functional leaf（the fourth from top）in main stem.Three types of vascular bundles,three-offshoot,two-offshoot and no-offshoot were observed in leaf nervures of all tested materials.These were three-offshoot type in 3 hybrids and one of their parents,implying that the three-offshoot type was inherited dominantly.There were differences in the number of vessels,area of a vessel,area of all vascular bundles,area ratio of vascular to transection,leaf thickness,palisade tissue length,and palisade tissue width with different parents and hybrids.The total area of vascular bundles of functional leaf nervures in three hybrids were 0.72-0.77.The ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue of all hybrids was 1.12-1.15,suggesting that there existed transgressive or mid-parent heterosis in all hybrids.The total area of stomata per unit leaf area was a useful index for characteristic of stoma.There were transgressive heterosis in total area of stomata per unit leaf area on down leaf surface for three hybrids,but no heterosis on upper surface.There were negative correlation between two sides of leaf in the total area of stomata per unit leaf area（mm^2 cm^-2）of three hybrids,and significant negative correlation between stoma frequency and stama length（R^2=0.5087）,and positive correlation between stoma frequency and total area of stomata per unit leaf area（R^2=0.5943）for upper surface of leaf but not significant for down surf

关 键 词：转BT基因 陆地棉 维管束 杂种优势 气孔 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S562.034