起身肥对水稻分蘖和氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Applied before Transplanting on Tillering and Nitrogen Utilization in Rice

作　　者：郑永美[1] 丁艳锋[1] 王强盛[1] 李刚华[1] 王惠芝[1] 王绍华[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物学报》2008年第3期513-519,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A03)

摘　　要：以宁粳2号为材料,通过塑盘穴播育秧,带土、带肥移栽,研究了起身肥对水稻分蘖的发生、氮素积累量、氮肥利用率和产量的影响。结果表明,移栽后17d,基蘖肥水平相同条件下,起身肥处理(N-100%)群体茎蘖数比非起身肥处理(CK)高3×105hm-2。有效分蘖临界叶龄期N-100%处理中,>3叶龄分蘖比率显著高于CK。与CK相比,N-100%处理多施5.55kgNhm-2,而分蘖成穗率、有效穗数、氮素积累量、氮肥利用率和产量均显著提高。N-75%处理(施起身肥,基蘖肥施量为常规的75%)中,总施肥量比CK低32.4kgNhm-2,而氮素积累量和氮肥利用率均高于CK。N-50%处理(施起身肥,基蘖肥施量为常规的50%)基蘖肥水平过低,影响分蘖的发生与生长,与CK相比,氮肥利用率和产量都显著降低。因此,适量的起身肥可以促进分蘖的早生快发,提高水稻的分蘖成穗率,减少基蘖氮肥的施用量,促进水稻对氮肥的吸收和利用,提高氮素积累量和氮肥利用率。Nitrogen（N）before transplanting,applied in seedling-bed and carried to the paddy field with seedlings is proposed in this paper.The effect of this method on tillering,N accumulation,N fertilizer utilization efficiency（NUE）,and grain yield were investigated in a field experiment with a japonica cultivar Ningjing 2.The results indicated that,on the condition of equal basic and tillering N fertilizer,the tillers number in the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer applied before transplanting（N-100%）was 300 thousand ha^-1 higher than that in treatment of no N fertilizer applied before transplanting（CK）.At the critical stage of productive tiller,the tillers rate with leaf age 〉3 in N-100% treatment was remarkably higher than that in CK.Compared with CK,the rate of effective tillers,number of effective panicles,N accumulation,NUE,and grain yield of N-100% treatment were markedly increased.But the application of N was only 5.55 kg ha^-1 more than that of CK.In N-75% treatment the application of N was 32.4 kg ha^-1 lower than that in CK,while N accumulation and NUE were higher than those in CK.Compared with CK,N application of N-50% treatment was too lower,therefore it had negative effect on accelerating tiller＇s development.As a result NUE and grain yield of N-50% treatment were observably lower than that of CK.The results suggested that proper N fertilizer applied before transplanting had positive effect on accelerating tiller＇s development,and enhancing rate of effective tillers.Moreover,application of N fertilizer before transplanting could reduce the quantity of basic and tillering N fertilizer,speed absorption and utilization of N fertilizer,and increase N accumulation and NUE in rice.

关 键 词：水稻 塑盘穴播 起身肥 氮肥利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]