甜樱桃对^15N尿素的吸收、分配和利用特性  

Characteristics of urea ^(15)N absorption,allocation,and utilization by sweet-cherry (Prunus avium L.)

作　　者：赵凤霞[1] 姜远茂[1] 彭福田[1] 高相彬[1] 刘丙花[1] 王海云[1] 赵林[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2008年第3期686-690,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：农业部“948”项目(2006-G60,G28);山东省农业科技成果转化基金资助项目(2005-93-07)

摘　　要：以5年生‘早大果’甜樱桃为试材,研究了其在萌芽前土施15N尿素的吸收、分配和利用特性.结果表明:植株器官从肥料中吸收分配到的15N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率(Ndff)均随时间推移逐渐升高,盛花期细根和贮藏器官的Ndff较高;果实硬核期,新生器官中长梢和长梢叶的Ndff增长迅速,分别达0.72%和0.59%;果实硬核期到采收期,果实的Ndff增长迅速,到采收期达到最高,为1.78%;果实采收后到花芽分化期,新生器官Ndff增长减慢而贮藏器官增长迅速.盛花期根系吸收的氮素首先分配到贮藏器官,粗根15N分配率最高,为54.91%;果实硬核期细根和贮藏器官15N分配率由盛花期的85.43%下降到55.11%,而地上部新生器官则升高至44.89%;果实采收期15N分配率变化不大,果实采收后氮素营养迅速向贮藏器官中运转,花芽分化期细根和贮藏器官的15N分配率升高至72.26%,而地上部新生器官15N分配率与采收期相比下降了19.31%.从盛花期到花芽分化期,植株对15N尿素的当季利用率呈升高趋势,于花芽分化期达到最高,为16.86%.With five-year old ‘Zaodaguo＇ sweet-cherry （ Prunus avium L. ） as test material, this paper studied the characteristics of its urea ^15N absorption, allocation, and utilization when applied before bud-break. The results showed that the Ndff of different organs increased gradually with time, and was higher in fine roots and storage organs at full-blooming stage. At fruit core-hardening stage, the Ndff of long shoots and leaves increased quickly, reaching to 0. 72% and 0. 59%, respectively. From fruit core-hardening to harvesting stage, the Ndff of fruit had a rapid increase, with the peak （ 1.78% ） at harvesting stage. After harvest, the Ndff of neonatal organs increased slowly while that of storage organs increased quickly. At full-blooming stage, the absorbed ^15N in roots was firstly allocated to storage organs, with the highest allocation rate （54. 91% ） in large roots. At fruit core-hardening stage, the allocation rate in fine roots and storage organs decreased from 85.43% to 55.11%, while that in neonatal branches and leaves increased to 44.89%. At harvesting stage, the allocation rate in different organs had no significant change, but after harvest, the absorbed ^15N had a rapid translocation to storage organs, and the allocation rate in fine roots and storage organs reached the highest （72.26%） at flower bud differentiation stage. The ^15N allocation rate in neonatal branches and leaves at flower bud differentiation stage was decreased by 19.31%, compared with that at harvesting stage. From full-blooming to flower bud differentiation stage, the utilization rate of urea ^15N was increasing, and reached the peak （ 16. 86% ） at flower bud differentiation stage.

关 键 词：甜樱桃 ^15N 吸收 分配 利用 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]