吴简所见吴国前期民屯——兼论魏吴民屯的区别  

Thought on the Opening up of the Wasteland by the Peasants in the Early Period of Wu State from the Wu Slips:Discussion on the Difference of Opening up the Wasteland by the Peasants between the Wei State and the Wu State

作　　者：蒋福亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学系 教授

出　　处：《中华文史论丛》2008年第1期13-57,共45页Journal of Chinese Literature and History

摘　　要：吴国前期民屯实行冠以地名的都尉和州郡县四级体制，都尉屯田听命于孙权，州郡县司屯曹分别主持州郡县屯田，和地方行政合而为一，各级民屯收入由县级政府徵收。民屯劳动者的称谓很多，不下三十来种，由山越和蛮夷等少数民族人民、官府依附民、宫奴婢、诸吏及其伙处父兄子弟、罪犯、破产或濒临破产的农民等组成。屯的规模有大有小，有的和居民点混杂一起，也有不设屯的可能，其共有特点是耕种限田，缴纳定额租，亩徵限米二斛，剥削率超过三分之二。故民屯者只有再租佃国有土地，承受近50％的剥削才能维持生计。这些显然是与魏国民屯最大的区别。In the early period of the Wu state,the system of captain,state, jun and county of four distinctions nominated by the place names was put into practice.The captains who took charge of the cultivation took orders from Sun Quan.The situncao(司屯曹)of the state,jun and county presided the cultivation of the state,jun and county respectively.Their earnings were imposed by the governments of the counties.It united with the local administration.There were more than 30 appellations of the peasants who opened up the wasteland.They were made up of the minority people of Shanyue and Manyi,the people adhering to the feudal governments,the slaves of feudal officials,the zhuli(诸史),the people whose fathers or brothers committed crimes,the criminals,and the peasants who became insolvent or were close to insolvency.The scopes of the tuns(屯) were big or small.Some immingled with residential areas.There was also the possibility of not setting up the tuns.Their common characteristies were cultivating the restricted croplands,paying the fixed rents,imposing two hu(斛) of rice per mu(畝)and the rate of exploitation exceeding 2/3.So the peasants who opened up the wasteland could make living only by cultivating the national lands, paying the rents and enduring the rate of exploitation near 50%. These were the biggest differences between the opening up of the wasteland by the peasants of the Wei State and the Wu State.

关 键 词：民屯 都尉 司屯曹 限米 限田 

分 类 号：K236.3[历史地理—历史学]