呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松林火烧后恢复演替的空间格局分析  

Spatial pattern of post-fire regeneration of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forest in Hulun Buir Sandland,northeastern China

作　　者：杨晓晖[1] 喻泓[1] 于春堂[2] 慈龙骏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,100091 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2008年第2期44-49,共6页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：“十五”国家科技攻关项目(2005BA517A04);国家自然科学基金项目(30571528、30571529、30671722)

摘　　要：火烧是天然樟子松林自然更新的主要驱动因子之一。该研究以火烧后12年的樟子松林为研究对象,研究了樟子松大树、幼树（苗）和侵入阔叶树的空间分布格局以及它们之间相互作用的关系,探讨了火烧对天然樟子松林更新演替的影响。结果表明,地表火干扰后,1 hm2的天然林分中保留的樟子松大树的空间格局在较小（0-625 cm）和较大（1150-5000 cm）的尺度上呈现均匀分布状态,在中尺度上趋向于随机分布（750-1125 cm）,从而在林分中均匀地形成了许多林隙,侵入的阔叶树和大量的樟子松幼树（苗）在这些林隙内以群聚的状态出现。但随着火烧后林分的逐渐恢复,原有樟子松大树与阔叶树和樟子松幼树（苗）间的关系均呈现负相关,表明竞争开始出现。这种竞争最终可能会导致侵入的阔叶树死亡,同时使得聚集分布的樟子松幼苗逐渐稀疏,最终逐渐趋于均匀分布状态。掌握火烧后林分的空间分布格局及其恢复演替过程,将有助于通过合理的经营管理活动,达到人工促进林分更新的目的。Fire is one of the main driving factors of regeneration of natural Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests. This research conducted in 1 hm^2 P. sylvestris var. mongolica forest with 12 years of post-fire, emphasized on the spatial pattern and interactions of P. sylvestris var. mongolica adults and saplings （seedlings） and the invaded broadleaved trees. The results showed that after surface fire disturbance, the spatial pattern of the existing P. sylvestris var. mongolica adults was regular at smaller scale （0-625 cm）and larger scale （ 1 150 - 5 000 cm） ,and random at intermediate scale （750-1125 cm）. Many relatively even forest gaps formed,which provided suitable habitats for conspecific seed germination and other broadleaved tree species colonization. These saplings （seedlings） and broadleaved trees had significantly aggregating trend within forest gaps. Following the restoration of post-fire stand, negative associations between P. sylvestris var. mongolica adults and conspecific saplings （seedlings）, as well as broadleaved trees were reflected with bivariate K function analysis, implying that intraspecific （interspecific） competition appeared in the post-fire stand, and the colonized broadleaved trees may die and natural thinning occurred for clustering P. sylvestris var. mongolica saplings （seedlings）, the final pattern for saplings （seedlings） may, similar to conspecific adults, be more regular. These results will be helpful to better understand post-fire spatial pattern and regeneration process of natural P. sylvestris vat. mongolica forest, and to make sound decisions for the sustainable natural forest management.

关 键 词：樟子松林分 种内(间)竞争 群聚状态 空间格局 RipleyK函数 

分 类 号：S718.541[农业科学—林学]