黄淮平原麦茬直播稻分蘖发生规则及其与产量构成的关系  

Tillering Pattern and Its Effects on Yield of Rice Directly Sown After Winter Wheat in the Huang-Huai Plain

作　　者：余珺[1] 陶光灿[1] 郭兴强[1] 尹士采 谢光辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094 [2]山东省高密市农业局,山东高密261500

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第3期678-686,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：教育部“优秀青年教师资助计划”;国际合作项目“CGIARChallengeProgramonWaterandFood”

摘　　要：【目的】探明抗旱性水稻品种在稻-麦两熟系统中旱作条件下,分蘖发生和成穗的优势节位及其对产量的影响。【方法】以旱稻297(旱稻277)、旱稻502、宁粳16和宁粳35等抗旱品种为材料,比较研究旱作和浅水层灌溉条件下拔节前各节位分蘖的发生和成穗频率及对产量的贡献。【结果】试验观察到拔节前第2～9节位有分蘖发生,虽然发生节位和频率因品种、水旱条件和年份而异,但第3～5节位均表现出了较强的分蘖势。2006年旱稻277有效分蘖对产量的贡献达到40%以上,其余品种皆不足20%;其中,分蘖对产量的贡献主要来自第4、5、10和11节位。【结论】第3～5节位是分蘖发生的优势节位,且分蘖穗的性状较好,通过栽培措施促其早发、多发对水稻实现旱作高产具有重要意义。【Objective】 To identify the prior nodal position for tiller emergence and flowering, then establish properly high-yield rice population and develop key aerobic cultivation technology.【Method】A field experiment was conducted under the non-submerged and submerged conditions in the rice-wheat rotation system in the Huang-Huai Plain. Five drought resistance rice cultivars, Handao297 （Handao277）, Handao502, Ningjing16 and Ningjing35, were used. The tiller emergence and flowering frequency of each node was determined and the contribution of productive tillers developed from a certain node to yield was also measured. 【Result】Before the elongation stage, tillers emerged from the 2nd to 9th node. Although there were some differences in tillering nodal position and emergence frequency among different rice cultivars, cultivation conditions and growth seasons, the tillering ability of the 3rd to 5th node for all cultivars were strong. The contribution of productive tillers of Handao277 to yield was above 40% in 2006, however, that of the other cultivars was less than 20%. Moreover, most of the productive tillers emerged from the 4th, 5th, 10th, and 11th node. 【Conclusion】The main tillering zone was located between the 3rd to 5th node and good characters were observed for the panicles developed from these nodes. Therefore, it is consequential for aerobic rice cultivation to enhance these tillers’ emergence and flowering frequency through proper management to raise the yield level.

关 键 词：水稻 旱作 直播稻 分蘖 产量形成 黄淮平原 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]