旱作与节水灌溉对小麦籽粒淀粉积累及相关酶活性变化的影响  

Starch Accumulation and Activities of Enzymes Involved in Starch Synthesis in Grains of Wheat Grown Under Irrigation and Rain-fed Conditions

作　　者：戴忠民[1] 王振林[1] 张敏[1] 李文阳[1] 闫素辉[1] 蔡瑞国[1] 尹燕枰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业部小麦栽培生理与遗传改良重点开放实验室

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第3期687-694,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30571099);教育部高校博士学科点科研基金(20040434007,20060434006);山东省自然科学基金(Y2005D13)

摘　　要：【目的】通过对灌溉与旱作条件下不同品质类型小麦籽粒淀粉积累及相关酶活性的研究,阐明不同灌溉制度下小麦淀粉积累的酶学机制。【方法】在灌溉和旱作两种栽培条件下,研究了两个小麦品种蔗糖代谢、籽粒淀粉积累及相关酶活性的变化特征。【结果】旱作栽培有利于增加小麦灌浆前中期淀粉积累速率、ADPG焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、束缚态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)的活性,表明旱作栽培能提高小麦籽粒灌浆前期生理活性、促进籽粒淀粉的合成与积累。通过比较淀粉积累速率与蔗糖和淀粉代谢相关酶活性的变化趋势可以看出,淀粉积累速率与蔗糖合成酶(SS)、AGPase、SSS和GBSS的变化趋势一致,表明这些酶在淀粉合成中起重要作用,而源器官制造的光合产物的减少并不是抑制籽粒淀粉积累的因素。【结论】旱作栽培能提高小麦灌浆前、中期的淀粉积累速率和淀粉合成酶活性,在籽粒灌浆后期则显著降低淀粉积累速率及其酶活性,表明旱作栽培能使库活性增强,促进籽粒淀粉的合成与积累。【Objective】The present study was carried out to characterize the changing activities of key enzymes during grain filling in two wheat cultivars differing in gluten under irrigated and rain-fed conditions. This information will help to elucidate the enzymatic mechanisms of starch synthesis in wheat cultivars with different gluten. 【Method】The starch accumulation, sucrose metabolism and related enzymes activities were investigated in strong gluten type cultivar, JM20, and weak gluten type cultivar, BY535, in Taian and Dezhou experimental locations. 【Result】The soil water deficit led to an increase of starch accumutation at early grain-filling period and decrease during late grain-filling, respectively, increase of starch accumulation rate and activities of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis, especially AGPase, SSS, and SBE. Water deficit enhanced grain starch accumulation in two wheat cultivars. It suggests that rain-fed treatment increased the physiological activities during early grain filling, and promoted starch accumulation. Furthermore, the change of starch accumulation rate was consistent with SS, AGPase, SSS and GBSS. The results suggested that these enzymes play a key role in starch synthesis and the decrease of photosynthate produced in source organ is not the factor inhibiting starch accumulation. 【Conclusion】The soil water deficit led to an increase of starch accumulation at early grain-filling period and decrease during late grain-filling, respectively, increase of starch accumulation rate and activities of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis, especially AGPase, SSS, GBSS and SBE. It indicated that water deficit can increase the sink activities and promote starch synthesis and accumulation.

关 键 词：小麦 淀粉合成 灌溉 旱作 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S667.7