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作 者:杜飞雁[1,2] 张汉华[1] 李纯厚[1] 王雪辉[1] 贾晓平[1]
机构地区:[1]农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室,中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300 [2]上海水产大学海洋学院,上海200090
出 处:《中国水产科学》2008年第2期252-259,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基 金:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金(2007ZD08、2007TS08、2007ZD07);科技部公益项目(2005DIB3J020);广东省重大科技兴海项目(A200099E01);农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室基金(开-2-04-15);农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室开放基金(2004-2、2005-2)
摘 要:利用1984-1985年4个航次、1987年2个航次和2004年4个航次在南海北部大亚湾海域开展的大型底栖动物调查结果,对不同时段大型底栖动物的种类组成、群落相似性、丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度进行对比分析,结果显示,在大亚湾海域大型底栖动物种类组成和物种多样性方面,表现为:(1)种类数下降,丰富度大幅降低,群落趋向简单化:1987年大型底栖动物的站均出现种数为50.6种/站,最高可达100种/站。而2004年站均出现种数仅为7.6种/站,最高仅为14种/站。(2)种类更替明显,在过去的20年间,几乎完成了整个群落的演替;1984-1985年,大型底栖动物出现98种,软体动物31种,节肢动物30种,棘皮动物21种,环节动物12种。2004年,共出现大型底栖动物79种,软体动物32种,节肢动物17种,棘皮动物8种,环节动物18种。1984年和2004年大型底栖动物的种类相似性仅有25.5%,其中环节动物的改变最为显著,20年前后的种类相似性仅为8.1%。(3)物种多样性水平大幅下降。虽然大亚湾海域大型底栖动物多样性平面分布趋势未发生较大改变,种类的均匀度略有增加,但多样性指数由1988年的3.38降至2004年的2.08,丰富度由4.46降至1.17。以上结果表明,大亚湾生态环境的改变已经对底栖动物群落产生了显著的影响。[中国水产科学,2008,15(2):252-259]Daya Bay is a nature reserve for fisheries resources. However, there are conflicts between economic development and conservation, and ecosysterm. And the habitat is degrading due to anthropogenic influences. Based on grab samples of macrobenthos collected in Daya Bay in 1984-1985, 1987-1988, and 2004, comparisons were conducted to investigate changes in faunal assemblage and species diversity over the past two decades. Results show that habitat degradation has led to decrease of species diversity. The average number of species collected per station was 50.6 with a maximum of 100 species in 1987-1988. However in 2004, the average species number per station decreased to 7.6 with a maximum of only 14 species. From 1987-1988 to 2004, the Shannon-Wienner diversity indices (H′) declined from 3.38 to 2.08, and species richness indices from 4.46 to 1.17. However, horizontal pattern of high diversity in the north and low diversity in the south remainsd basically unchanged, and evenness indices showed slight increase. In 1984-1985, totally 98 macrobenthic species were collected, comprising 31 species of molluscs, 12 polychaetes, 30 crustaceans, and 21 echinoderms. In 2004, totally 79 species were collected, consisting of 32 molluscs, 18 polychaetes, 17 crustaceans, and 8 echinoderms. Between 1984-1985 and 2004, the Jaccard' s coefficient (Js)donating species similarity was only 25.5%, and the lowest coefficient of 8.1% was observed for polychaetes, indicating remarkable changes in faunal assemblages. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2008, 15 (2) : 252-259]
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