Swift时代伽马暴的观测及研究进展  

Observational Study of Gamma-ray Bursts in Swift era

作　　者：董云明[1,2] 陆埮[3] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学物理与电子工程学院 [2]中国科学院紫金山天文台,南京210008 [3]中国科学院紫金山天文台

出　　处：《天文学进展》2008年第1期41-61,共21页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(10473023);四川省教育厅资助科研项目;中国科学院王宽诚博士后工作奖励基金资助;江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目

摘　　要：Swift卫星从2004年11月20日升空开始运转到现在已有2年多时间。到目前为止,它一共观测到了200多个伽马暴及其余辉现象。由于Swift观测到了早期X射线余辉、短暴余辉和高红移伽马暴等新的重要现象,伽马暴研究进入了新的时代。该文首先对伽马暴的研究历史做简短回顾,然后简要介绍伽马暴的物理图像和Swift卫星的构成及特点,最后全面评述Swift的观测成就及由此引起的理论挑战。Gamma-ray bursts （GRBs） are powerful explosions in soft gamma-ray bands in the Universe, with some distinct characters-short lasting times, high energies and powerful explosions. They remain mystery for long times since their detection in the late 1960＇s. The breakthroughs took place in 1991 with the launch of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory （CGRO） and in 1997 with the first X-ray afterglow detected by the Italian-Dutch satellite Beppo-SAX. A new era in GRB research on early afterglows began since the launch of the Swift satellite on November 20, 2004. Now, more than 200 GRBs and early afterglows are detected by the Swift satellite. The early afterglows, the afterglows of short GRBs and the high redshift GRBs are observed by Swift. These new phenomena of GRBs give us some new clues and methods to investigate the nature and origin of GRBs. In this paper, firstly, we briefly review the history of GRBs, and then introduce the physical picture of the GRB study. Secondly, the structures and the functions of Swift satellite are presented in § 3. Finally, we discuss the observational achievements of Swift and the theoretical challenge, including the early afterglows, the afterglows of short GRBs and high redshift GRBs.

关 键 词：天体物理学 伽马暴 Swift卫星 余辉 

分 类 号：P172.3[天文地球—天文学]