2007年淮河流域致洪暴雨及其中尺度系统特征的分析  

Study of Heavy Rainfall and Related Mesoscale Systems Causing Severe Flood in Huaihe River Basin during the Summer of 2007

作　　者：赵思雄[1] 张立生[1] 孙建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2007年第6期713-727,共15页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：灾害性天气国家重点实验室开放课题"2007年淮河流域致洪暴雨中尺度涡旋(扰动)发生发展及其机理研究";国家重点基础研究发展规划项目2004CB418301

摘　　要：针对2007年6-7月的淮河致洪暴雨,采用NCEP资料、卫星TBB（Temperature of Black Body）资料、地面加密资料和1 h的降水资料对此次暴雨过程进行了详细的分析,得到结果如下：1）2007年6-7月主汛期的暴雨带主要位于淮河流域,而不是像通常那样集中在长江中下游。时间长达30余天,超过2003年（持续20余天）。2）整个汛期从6月19日开始至7月26日结束,根据影响系统和雨区分布的不同,可将降水分为3个阶段。其中,第2阶段（6月29日-7月10日）降水最强,影响最大,与梅雨的降水有更多相似。在第2阶段中又有4次降水过程,其中第4次过程（7月7-9日）降水最强,导致10日在王家坝开闸泄洪。3）高纬度的阻塞形势（西阻型）有利于环流的稳定维持和暴雨的持续发生。4）副热带高压稳定在26°N,有利于雨带维持在32°N,另外南海季风涌沿副高西侧将大量水汽输送至淮河流域。5）在阻高和副高之间的西风带上,巴尔喀什湖为低槽区,不断有小股冷空气经我国西北和黄河上游沿偏西路径移至淮河流域,西风槽加深甚至在中国大陆出现切断低压,这在过去淮河暴雨期间不太多见,表明存在明显的中低纬度的相互作用。与此同时,在7月8日高空急流入口区（右侧）与低空急流出口区（左侧）相迭置耦合,非常有利于垂直运动的加强和暴雨的发生。6）在暴雨期间有中尺度低压（扰动）的发生发展,并有与之相关的中尺度云团、雨团甚至更小的中尺度对流系统出现,致使8日寿县24h降水量达262 mm之多。该次强暴雨与淮河流域前期多场强降水形成的高水位“遭遇”,引发了严重的洪水,其影响超过了2003年,成为了1954年以来淮河流域最严重的洪涝。The research on the heavy rainfall causing the flood in Huaihe River basin during June and July 2007 is focused on,using NCEP data,TBB（Temperature of Black Body） data,dense surface data,1-hour precipitation amount and so on.The following conclusions are drawn： （1） The main rainband was located in Huaihe River basin during rainy season of June and July 2007 rather than in the Yangtze River basin as usual.The rainy period lasted for more than 30 days which was longer than that in Huaihe River basin in 2003.The latter was only more than 20 days. （2） The rainy season in Huaihe River basin in 2007 covered the period from June 19 to July 26 which can be divided into three stages.Among them,the second stage（29 June—10 July） was related with the strongest rainfall,which was,in many ways,similar to the Meiyu banded rainfall.There were four obvious precipitation processes in the second stage.Among them,the fourth precipitation process（7-9 July） is the severest in which the highest water level in Huaihe River appeared. （3） The block high pressure systems near Ural mountain in high latitudes was very favorite the stable maintenance of the circulation systems which was very helpful for the occurrence of the sustaining heavy rainfall. （4） The axis of west pacific subtropical high was basically near 26°N,and the northwest edge of west pacific subtropical high was main rainband position along about 32°N just near the Huaihe River. （5） Between the block high and the subtropical high,the westlies existed in the middle latidude.A trough in westlies was located near Balkhash lake from where cold air passed through northwest China and upper reach of the Yellow River,finally arrived to the Huaihe River basin.The trough in July 7—9,deepened and even the cut-off low pressure system formed in the trough,which was unusual in Huaihe River during summer season.It means that cold air activity was obvious.In addition,the coupling between upper level jet and low level jet can also be noticed during

关 键 词：淮河流域 致洪暴雨 季风涌 西风槽 中尺度涡旋(扰动) 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]