八倍体小滨麦与缺体小麦杂交的细胞遗传学研究  

Cytogenetic Studies on the Cross between OctoploidTritileymus and Nullisomic Wheat

作　　者：傅杰[1] 徐霞[1] 杨群慧[1] 陈漱阳[1] 张安静[1] 侯文胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北植物研究所

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》1997年第4期350-357,共8页

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金

摘　　要：八倍体小滨麦与缺体小麦杂交和回交，其后代ＢＣ１Ｆ１与Ｆ２相比较，染色体分离范围小，有利于４１条染色体类型的分离，若用异源双单体附加作父本与缺体回交，４１条染色体类型的分离率还会提高２倍左右；单体代换在自交世代的传递率为３１．９１％，二体代换的分离率为１９．３７％，异染色体的丢失率为２９．３４％；二体代换在自交世代的传递率为８５．２６％，异染色体的丢失率为９．２１％；ＰＭＣＭＩ染色体构型为２０．７６”＋０．３１’＋０．０３＂＋０．０１””，相对紊乱系数为０．０１，２ｎ＝２１”的细胞占８６．０９％。选育的二体代换系，不同程度地表现出大穗、多花、优质、抗多种病害等滨麦的优良性状。The segregation range of BC1F1 from octoploid Tritileymus crossed with nullisomic was narrower as compared with F2 and more 41 chromosome types could be observed. If the dimonosomic addition plants as male were backcrossed with nullisomic plants, the segregation percentage of 4 1 chromosome types could be about two times as high as that of BC1F1. In the selfing generations of monosomic substitution plants,its transmitting rate was 3 1 .9 1 % ,the segregation percentage of disomic substitution was 19,37% , the lossing rate of alien chromosome was 29.34% . In the selfing generations of disomic substitution, the percentages of its transmotting and the loss of alien chromosome were 85.26% and 9.2 1 % respectively. At PMC MI , the chromosome configuration was 20.76' +. 0.3 1' + 0.03' + 0.01 ' ' , the relatove chaotic coefficient was 0.01 and the cells of 2 1 ' accounted for 86.09 % . Several alien disomic substitution lines with desirable characters derived from Leymus mollis (JJNN 2d = 28) were selected, such as big spikes, more florets, good quality as well as resistance to diseases.

关 键 词：小麦 八倍体小滨麦 缺体 小麦 细胞遗传学 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]