甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂种的减数分裂观察  

Meiotic Observations on Intergeneric Hybrids betweenBrassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus

作　　者：李再云[1] 吴建国[1] 石淑稳[1] 刘后利[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学农学系作物遗传改良国家重点实验室

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》1997年第4期373-379,共7页

基　　金：国家博土后科学基金;国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：在甘蓝型油莱与诸葛菜属间杂种细胞减数分裂中，观察到两种类型的染色体分离方式。第一种，细胞内的３１条染色体呈两组分离，其中１９条染色体至细胞一极，１２条染色体至另一极；且在两极的染色体进行分裂，产生４个核，两个具有１９条染色体，另两个具有１２条染色体。故杂种细胞通过这种染色体分离方式，可同时产生具有１９与１２条染色体的两类配子。杂种细胞内发生的这种染色体行为，极有可能与来自两个亲本种的染色体组相关；即在细胞两极的１９与１２条染色体分别来自甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜。第二种，在后期Ｉ至末期Ｉ，花粉母细胞内以６个二价体形式出现的１２条染色体被落后在赤道板附近，而被排斥在末期核之外。这些落后二价体很有可能来自诸葛菜。因此，在杂种细胞减数分裂中，来自两个亲本种的染色体组被分开。文中还对染色体组分开的遗传意义等进行了讨论。In the intergeneric hybrids between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus, two types of pollen mother cells were observed. In the first type, the chromosomes from two parental species moved to opposite poles, underwent one mitotic division and produced four nuclei: two with 1 9 chromosomes of B napu., and two with 1 2 chromosomes of O. violaceus .In the second type, 1 2 chromosomes appearing as six bivalents lagged at anaphas/telophase I and were not included in the telophase nuclei. The lagging bivalents were most likely from O. violaceus. So the genomes of the two parental species were separated during the meiotic divisions of the hybrid cells. The genetic implications of the genoe separation are discussed.

关 键 词：油菜 甘蓝型油菜 诸葛菜 属间杂种 减数分裂 

分 类 号：Q949.748.3[生物学—植物学] S565.403.5[农业科学—作物学]