人工合成小麦对普通小麦农艺性状及产量潜力的改良  被引量:7

The Potential of Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat in Improving Agronomic Traits and Grain Yield of Common Wheat

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作  者:汤永禄[1] 杨武云[1] 吴元奇[2] 曾云超[1] 李朝苏[1] 邹裕春[1] 陈放[3] 

机构地区:[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都610066 [2]四川农业大学农学院,四川雅安625000 [3]四川大学生命科学学院,四川成都610064

出  处:《中国农学通报》2008年第3期159-168,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基  金:四川省青年科技基金"人工合成小麦优质;抗病基因的挖掘与利用"(04ZQ026-009);国家科技支撑计划项目"优质高产专用小麦育种技术研究及新品种培育"(2006BAD01A02)

摘  要:通过硬粒小麦(2n=4x=28,AB基因组)与节节麦(2n=2x=14,D基因组)杂交而成的人工合成六倍体小麦,已成为拓展小麦遗传基础和利用野生资源重要基因改良栽培小麦的重要桥梁和手段。利用一个分蘖力强、高抗条锈病并含1.5+10HMW-GS的人工合成六倍体小麦材料CD780(P1)与丰产性好、适应性广、品质优良但丧失条锈病抗性的小麦品种川育12(P2)杂交,构建131个重组近交系(RILs)(F8)。2005—2006年,将RILs群体分别种植于四川省平原和川中丘陵两个生态点,研究其主要农艺性状表现及性状间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)单位面积穗数(SPM)、生物产量(BW)、籽粒生产率(GPR)、生物生产率(BPR)和籽粒产量(GY)5个性状,群体均值均超过双亲,而分蘖力(TPP)、穗粒数(GPS)、千粒重(TKW)、全生育期(DTM)和收获指数(HI)等农艺性状,群体均值处于双亲之间;(2)SPM、GPS、GPM、HI、GPR和BPR等性状与GY成显著正相关,而DTH、DTM与GY成极显著负相关,TKW与GY的相关系数近于零;TPP、RSSP、BW和PH等性状与GY间的相关性,在两个生态点之间存在明显区别。(3)131个RILs株系中有15个株系的GY显著高于栽培小麦亲本P2,增幅13.6%-27.4%;对高产株系的农艺特性及增产原因进行了分析。Synthetic hexaploid wheat derived from cross of durum wheat (2n=4x=28, AB genornes) with Ae. tausehii Coss. (2n=2x=14, D genorne) has been used as an important bridge materials to expand the genetic base of wheat and to utilize useful genes of wild gerrnplasrn. One hundred and thirty-one F8 recombinant inbred lines (RilLs), derived from a synthetic hexaploid wheat CD780 with high resistance to stripe rust and novel HMW-GS 1.5+10 crossing with a high-yielding and good quality but stripe rust-susceptible common wheat eultivar CYl2, were planted at two ecologic experimental sites in Siehuan province during 2005-2006 to determine the agronomic potential of synthetic hexaploid wheat-derived population. The results showed: (1) DTH, DTM and GY, and a near zero correlation coefficient between TKW and GY were observed. (3) Fifteen lines had significantly higher grain yield compared with the cultivar parent (CY12). Grain yields of superior lines were up to 13.6% - 27.4% higher than CY12. And main agronomic taints of these superior lines and reasons for grain yield increasing were analyzed. Results indicate that synthetic hexaploids can be a valuable source of alleles to improve modem wheat yield.

关 键 词:人工合成六倍体小麦 RIL群体 农艺性状 产量 相关分析 

分 类 号:S512[农业科学—作物学]

 

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