南海海气界面潜热通量的分布特征及其对西南季风爆发影响的初步分析  

A preliminary analysis on the distribution characteristics of the air-sea latent heat flux over the SCS and its impact on the onset of southwest monsoon

作　　者：王丽娟[1] 王辉[1] 闫俊岳[2] 张增海[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]国家气候中心中国气象局气候研究开放实验室,北京100081 [3]中国气象局国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《海洋学报》2008年第1期20-30,共11页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40576012);国家高科技研究发展计划(863计划)(2006AA09Z158)

摘　　要：利用1982年1月至2001年12月逐日的Re_NCEP南海海表面潜热通量资料，分析了南海夏季西南季风爆发早年和晚年潜热通量在南海的时空分布特征；并通过相关对比诊断分析了潜热通量对西南季风爆发及强度的影响，初步给出了其动力学机理。结果表明，季风爆发早、晚年的前一年冬季至初春（12～3月），南海南部（5°～13°N，100°～120°E）和北部（13°～22°N，105°～120°E）的潜热通量距平符号相反，呈现反位相，季风爆发早（晚）年，前一年冬季至次年初春，南海北部的潜热通量为正（负）距平，南海南部则为负（正）距平；在季风爆发的早年和晚年，南海潜热通量表现出明显的差异，春、夏、秋季南海潜热通量正距平持续时间短（长），季风强度偏弱（强）。南海北部的潜热通量和南海北部季风强度隔季正相关。当潜热通量为正（负）距平时，同期和滞后1～3个月的海温均为负（正）异常，加大（减小）了春季南海和周围陆地陆暖海冷的海陆温差，有利于西南季风在南海北部的早（晚）爆发，西南风异常偏强（弱）。The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the air-sea latent heat flux （LHF） over the South China Sea （SCS） in the early and late monsoon years have been analyzed based on the daily RE_ NCEP data of LHF from January of 1982 to December of 2001. In order to diagnose the impacts of LHF on the summer southwest monsoon, the correlation coefficient is respectively calculated between LHF and 850hPa wind over the northern and southern SCS. It concludes that the abnormal LHF over the northern SCS（13°-22°N,105°-120°E） is opposite to that over the southern （5°-13°N,100°-120°E） from December in last year to March whether in early monsoon years or the late ones. Additionally, in contrast of the late monsoon years, the LHF over the SCS takes on the opposite abnormity in the early ones. From winter to early spring in the early （late） monsoon years, the abnormal LHF over the northern SCS is positive （negative）, while the one over the southern SCS is negative （positive） ; In the other seasons, the positively abnormal LHF lasts longer （shorter） with the monsoon weaker （stronger）. Furthermore, the LHF from winter to early spring over the northern SCS is positively correlated with the southwest summer monsoon. When the abnormal LHF is positive （negative）, the southwest monsoon early （late） breaks out and becomes stronger （weaker） over the northern SCS. Because the negative （positive） SSTA makes the thermal situation in the SCS much more different from its neighborhood land in 0-3 months later than the LHF.

关 键 词：南海 海气界面潜热通量 西南季风 

分 类 号：P722.6[天文地球—海洋科学] P732.6