半湿润农田杂草及施氮对夏玉米产量及氮素利用的影响  

Effect of weed and nitrogen application on grain yield of summer maize and nitrogen use in semi-moist field

作　　者：范亚宁[1] 李世清[1] 李生秀[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2008年第2期252-257,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30571116,30670326)资助

摘　　要：以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤,采用大田试验,研究了半湿润农田两种杂草处理方式下(成熟后期清除杂草-A区和苗期开始清除杂草-B区),不同施氮量对夏玉米产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,当施氮量为0、45、90、1351、80 kg/hm2时,B区玉米子粒产量比A区分别增加了8.7%、12.1%、9.4%、5.0%和12.5%;吸氮量分别增加了1.5、2.9、4.85、.2和4.3 kg/hm2。A区和B区全生育期0—100 cm土层矿质氮(Nmin)累积量变化趋势基本一致,但B区比A区变幅较大。当施氮量为45、90、135和180 kg/hm2时,B区氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率均高于A区。研究还发现,在A区,当施氮量为180 kg/hm2时,杂草干生物量最大,为1518.3 kg/hm2,不施氮时,杂草的生物量最低,为845.7 kg/hm2;杂草的吸氮量随施氮量的增加而增加。可见,清除玉米农田杂草不仅可以提高作物产量和氮肥利用率,而且在减少氮素损失方面具有一定作用。A field experiment was carried out using loess soil to study the effect of different N rates on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency as affected by two different weed treatments [ weed removed at harvesting stage （Area A） and at seedling stage （Area B）]. The result showed that grain yield in Area B increase by 8.7%, 12.1%, 9.4%, 5.0 % and 12.5% than grain yield in Area A for N rates of 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg/ha, respectively. Total N uptake in Area B increased over Area A by 1.5, 2.9, 4.8, 5.2 and 4.3 kg/ha, respectively. Across the whole growing stage, the change trends of organic nitrogen and accumulative mineral nitrogen in Area A and B were similar, however, the range of Nmin change in Area B was higher than Area A. Nitrogen use efficiency （NUE）, N agronomic efficiency （NAE） and N physiological efficiency （NPE） in Area B were higher than those in Area A at different N rates. The result also showed that in Area A weed dry matter was largest when N rate was 180 kg/ha, which was 1518.3 kg/ha, and weed dry matter was lowest without N application, which was 845.7 kg/ha. The weed N uptake increased with N rate. Removing weed from field could increase maize grain yield, improve NUE and decrease nitrogen loess.

关 键 词：杂草 施氮 夏玉米 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]