长期施肥对旱地红壤微生物和酶活性的影响  

Effects of long-term fertilization on soil microorganisms and enzyme activities in an upland red soil

作　　者：郑勇[1] 高勇生[2] 张丽梅[1] 何园球[3] 贺纪正[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]江西农业大学,江西南昌330045 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2008年第2期316-321,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2005CB121105);国家自然科学基金项目(40601049,50621804)资助

摘　　要：以中国科学院鹰潭红壤生态试验站长期有机肥与无机肥处理的旱地红壤为研究对象,探讨了长期不同施肥处理对土壤中可培养微生物数量、土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)及脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶和转化酶等5种土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,长期施厩肥处理能显著提高土壤有机质含量及SMBC,增加土壤真菌的数量和土壤酶活性。无机肥NK(缺P)处理下微生物数量、SMBC和5种土壤酶活性均显著降低,说明磷元素对维持土壤良好的生化环境至关重要,是供试土壤样点中最主要的限制性营养元素。相关性分析表明,各种土壤酶活性之间均呈显著或极显著正相关;酶活性与土壤有机质S、MBC和真菌数量之间呈显著或极显著正相关,表明土壤酶活性能够有效地反映旱地红壤在长期施肥条件下土壤质量的变化。Soil samples were collected from the Red Soil Ecology Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） at Yingtan County, Jiangxi Province. The soil microbial colony forming units （CFUs）, soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC） and enzyme activities, including urease, acid phosphatase, catalase, dehydrogenase and invertase were determined. Results showed that the organic manure fertilizer treatment could enhance soil organic matter content and SMBC significantly, increase fungal CFUs and soil enzyme activities. The least soil cultivable microbial CFUs, SMBC and soll enzyme activities were found in the inorganic fertilizer NK （lack of P element） treatment. Therefore, P element was considered as the most important limiting nutrient element in the tested soils, and P element may be vital to keep healthy soil biochemical environment. Significant positive correlations were found among all tested soil enzyme activities. Furthermore, there were also significant positive correlations among soil organic matter content, SMBC, fungal CFUs and soil enzyme activities, which indicated that soil enzyme activities could be considered as good indicators for soil quality.

关 键 词：红壤 长期施肥 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]