保护性耕作防治坡耕地水土流失效应的研究  

Study on Effect of Controlling Water and Soil Loss by Protective Cultivation

作　　者：张晓艳[1] 王立[1] 黄高宝[2] 陈光荣[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2008年第6期2520-2521,2538,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中澳合作项目ACIAR(LWR2/1999/094);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD15B06)

摘　　要：[目的]探索出一种能提高坡耕地土壤保水能力和减少水土流失的途径。[方法]于2007年在陇中黄土高原半干旱区,设传统耕作下春小麦与甘草间作（TWL）、免耕不覆盖下春小麦与甘草间作（NTWL）、免耕秸秆覆盖下春小麦与甘草间作（NTSWL）3个处理,坡度在6-7°之间。每个处理小区底部设径流收集池。[结果]不同处理防治水土流失的效果不同,NTSWL最好,NTWL次之,第三为TWL。流失泥沙的养分含量中有机质、速效N、速效P、速效K的流失总量最大,全N和全P的流失总量最小,NTSWL处理对减少有机质、速效N、全N和全P的流失具有明显的作用;径流量、泥沙量与降雨量的回归关系均十分显著。[结论]免耕秸秆覆盖是控制水土流失的有效措施。[Objective] The research aimed to discuss an approach that could enhance the water retaining capacity of soil in slope farmland and reduce water and soil loss.[Method] Three treatments of intercropping spring wheat and liquorice in the traditional cultivation（TWL）,that in no-tillage cultivation without covering（NTWL）and that in no-tillage cultivation with straw covering（NTSWL）were set up in the semiarid area of Longzhong Loess Plateau in 2007.The gradient was from 6° to 7°.The runoff collection pool was set at the bottom of each treatment plot.[Result] The effects of controlling water and soil loss in different treatment were different.The effect of NTSWL was best,followed by NTWL and that of TWL was the third.Among the nutrient content in sediment losses,total soil erosion amount of organic matter,available N,available P,available K losses was greatest and that of total N and total P was least.NTSWL treatment had an obvious role in reducing the losses of organic matter,available N,total N and total P.The regression correlation between runoff amount,sediment quantity and rainfall were all quite significant.[Conclusion] No-till with straw cover was an effective measure for controlling water and soil loss.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 坡耕地 水土流失 

分 类 号：F301.21[经济管理—产业经济]