温带次生林破碎化对白眉姬鹟繁殖的影响  

Effects of Forest Fragmentation on Ficedula zanthopygia in Fragmented Secondary Forest

作　　者：曹长雷[1] 高玮[2] 

机构地区：[1]长江师范学院生命科学系,重庆涪陵408000 [2]东北师范大学生命科学学院,重庆涪陵408000

出　　处：《四川动物》2008年第2期183-188,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30370183);教育部博士点基金(20050200009)项目资助

摘　　要：于2005～2006年鸟类繁殖季节，通过悬挂人工巢箱，探讨了次生林破碎化对白眉姬鹟Ficedula zanthopygia繁殖的影响。结果表明：次生林破碎化对白眉姬鹟繁殖产生很大的影响，斑块面积、形状指数、隔离度均在不同程度上影响着白眉姬鹟的繁殖参数，破碎化指数不同的斑块间白眉姬鹟的窝卵数、孵化率和出飞率差异均不显著（P〉0．05）；卵重变异很大，差异显著（P〈0．05）；卵体积变动更大，差异达到极显著水平（P〈0．01）。回归分析表明，斑块破碎化指数与白眉姬鹟繁殖参数间均存在一元二次方程关系：当窝卵数达到最大值时，卵质量降低，出雏率达到最低，雏鸟存活率反而增大，出飞率达到最大，从而提高繁殖功效；当窝卵数达到最小值时，卵质量最高，出雏率增大，出飞率也相应的增高，从而使繁殖功效增大。白眉姬鹟存在一个最优窝卵数，验证了Lack的窝卵数假说。另外，白眉姬鹟通过对自身繁殖参数的调节来适应生境破碎化，尽量提高自身的繁殖功效，从而弥补自身种群。During the bird breeding seasons in 2005 and 2006, nest-boxes were put up in secondary deciduous forest to investigate the relationship between fragmented patch and reproduction of yellow-rumped flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia in Zuojia Nature Reserve of Jilin Province. The result showed that secondary forest fragmented had significant effects on breeding parameters, mainly by patch size, patch shape, patch isolation. There were no significant differences between clutch size, hatch rate and flying rate in different patches （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The variation of egg weight was great （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and egg volume also had a great change, with significant differences （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Regression analysis showed that the fragmented in- dex fitted in a quadratic function with breeding parameters of yellow-rumped flycatcher： when clutch size achieved maximum value, egg quality and hatch rate reached minimum. On the contrary, fledgling livability and flying rate would achieve maxi- mum to enhance the breeding success. When clutch size achieved minimum value, egg quality and hatch rate ascended, and flying rate increased correspondingly. There was an optimal clutch size for yellow-rumped flycatcher, which supported Lark＇s hypothesis. In addition, yellow-rumped flycatcher could regulate its breeding parameters to adapt habitat fragmentation, and enhance its breeding successfully to make up its population.

关 键 词：白眉姬鹟 破碎化 斑块面积 斑块形状 隔离度 繁殖功效 边缘效应 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]