高温胁迫对水稻花粉粒性状及花药显微结构的影响  

Effects of high temperature stress on pollen characters and anther microstructure of rice

作　　者：张桂莲[1] 陈立云[1] 张顺堂[1] 刘国华[1] 唐文邦[1] 李梅华[1] 雷东阳[1] 陈信波[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学水稻所,长沙410128

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第3期1089-1097,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划现代农业技术资助项目(2001AA241023);国家自然科学基金资助项目(3015004);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(03GGY3033)~~

摘　　要：对两个耐热性不同的水稻品系进行高温处理（8：00-17：00,37℃,17：00-8：00,30℃）,测定了高温胁迫对水稻花粉粒性状及花药显微结构的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫导致花药开裂、花粉活力、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数的显著下降,花粉粒直径增大。高温下耐热品系996的花药开裂、花粉活力、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数明显高于热敏感品系4628,这表明耐热品系996在高温胁迫条件下能保持较好地花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性,是其耐热性的生理基础;高温下耐热品系996的花药壁的表皮细胞排列较整齐,细胞间隙小;药隔维管束较大,维管束鞘细胞排列整齐,簿壁细胞多且排列整齐,木质部和韧皮部清楚可见;而热敏感品系4628花药壁的表皮细胞形状不规则,排列疏松,细胞间隙大,药隔维管组织受到很大程度破坏,维管束鞘细胞形状异常,排列紊乱,木质部和韧皮部界限不清。With the quickening industrialization,the worsening environment and the global warming,heat injury is becoming a major disasterous factors that has an effect on crop growth,and is receiving increasing concern because of its limiting effect on rice production. The experiments were carried out in growth chamber to investigate the effects of high temperature stress during heading and flowering period on pollen characters and anther microstructure using two rice lines including heat-tolerant line 996 and heat-sensitive line 4628.Seven day/night temperature（8：00-17：00,37℃;17：00-8：00,30℃）after heading were established.The results showed that anther dehiscence coefficient and pollen grains on the stigma significantly decreased,pollen diameter significantly increased under high temperature stress,pollen vigor and pollen germination rate decreased during the stress period.Anther dehiscence coefficient,pollen diameter,pollen vigor,pollen germination rate and pollen grains on the stigma in heat-tolerant line 996 were significantly higher than that of heat-sensitive line 4628 under high temperature stress,this indicated that heat-tolerant line 996 was able to keep better pollen grain pollination and germination character under high temperature stress,and was physiological basis of heat-tolerant line;Under high temperature stress,epidern cell of anther wall in vascular bundle of connective tissue in heat-tolerant line 996 arranged regularly and tightly,vascular bundle sheath cell and parenchyma cells arranged regularly,xylem and phloem were clear.While epidern cell of anther wall in heat-sensitive line 4628 arranged irregularly and untightly,vascular bundle of connective tissue was seriously destroyed,and vascular bundle sheath cell arranged irregularly,xylem and phloem were unclear.

关 键 词：高温胁迫 水稻 花粉粒性状 花药显微结构 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]