松花江沉积物中Pb As Cr的分布及生态风险评价  

Distribution and Potential Ecological Risk of Pb, As, Cr in Songhua River Sediments

作　　者：张凤英[1] 阎百兴[1] 路永正[1] 潘月鹏[1] 徐治国[1] 张丰松[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第2期726-730,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2004CB418502)

摘　　要：通过样品采集和分析,研究了松花江自第二松花江白山至松花江干流佳木斯段表层沉积物(0～10cm)中Pb、As、Cr的含量分布特征,并采用地累积指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价了沉积物中Pb、As、Cr污染及生态风险程度。结果表明,沉积物中Pb、As、Cr的含量范围分别为12.1～232.4、4.6～26.1、9.0～94.4mg·kg-1,平均值分别为34.8、12.8、37.9mg·kg-1。Pb含量的变异系数达1.4,污染源的性质及人为活动扰动可能是造成这种差异的主要原因。相关分析的结果显示,3种元素之间存在明显的正相关性。3种元素污染程度由高到低依次为Pb、As、Cr;所有江段均受到一定程度的Pb污染,且以中等污染为主;68.4%的取样江段受到轻微的As污染;除少数江段外,多数取样江段无Cr污染。Pb、As、Cr生态风险由强到弱的顺序为Pb、As、Cr,苇沙河及哨口江段存在较高的Pb、As、Cr综合生态风险,其余江段均为轻微生态危险。The characteristics of Pb, As, Cr distribution and potential ecological risk in surface sediments （0～10 cm） of Songhua River （from Baishan to Jiamusi） were studied. The pollution degree and environment risk assessment were conducted systematically using Geoaccumulation and Hakanson potential ecological risk index. The results indicated that the concentration of Pb, As, Cr ranged 12.1～232.4 mg·kg^-1, 4.6～26.1 mg·kg^-1 and 9.0～94.4 mg·kg^-1, with the average concentrations of Pb, As, Cr being 34.8 mg·kg^-1, 12.8 mg ·kg^-1 and 37.9 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The coefficient of variation of Pb was up to 1.4, which may be resulted from different pollution sources and anthropogenic activities. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the three elements may have similar pollution originations. The pollution degree of the three heavy metals was Pb〉As〉Cr. All the sampling sites were polluted by Pb and most of them belonged to a middle pollution degree. About 68.4% sites showed shght As pollution. There was no Cr pollution at most sampling sites. The potential ecological risk degree of these metals was Pb〉As〉 Cr. Pb, As, Cr belonged to a high potential ecological risk at Weisha River and Shaokou sites, but showed a slightly potential ecological risk at other sampling sites.

关 键 词：沉积物 松花江 PB AS CR 潜在生态风险 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]