瘿椒树超长有性生殖周期的观察  

An investigation on the sexual reproductive cycle in Tapiscia sinensis

作　　者：刘文哲[1] 康华钦[1] 郑宏春[2] 冯奕忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《植物分类学报》2008年第2期175-182,共8页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省教育厅专项基金项目资助(06JK180).

摘　　要：瘿椒树Tapiscia sinensis为我国特有的珍稀保护植物,其有性生殖过程持续17个月之久。通过对花果发育形态的观察,揭示了瘿椒树超长生殖周期形成的主要原因是合子长时间休眠。瘿椒树花于当年5月开放,受精后的合子进入休眠状态,直到次年3月。休眠的幼果表现出一系列与越冬相适应的特征:子房壁表面形成木栓层,花托膨大,并向下延伸包围果柄等。次年4月果实开始发育,并迅速膨大,5月出现花果同期现象,至9月果实成熟。瘿椒树具长的合子休眠期和果实越年成熟现象,我们认为可将瘿椒树属Tapiscia提升为瘿椒树科Tapisciaceae。瘿椒树在生殖上的特异性和在系统学中的特殊性说明该类群在系统演化上的问题还需进一步的研究。Tapiscia sinensis, an endemic and rare tree under protection in China, takes 17 months to complete the cycle from floral primordium initiation to fruit maturation. The morphological and anatomical changes of flower and fruit in T. sinensis were investigated in this research. The flower blossoms in late May, and is fertilized in early June. Then the zygote immediately goes into dormancy before any cell division, and this status is maintained until next March. The dormant young fruit has several characters adapted to winter survival, such as cork layer formed on ovary surface and receptacle enclosing the fruit stalk etc. The fruit does not start developing until next April. Afterward it enlarges rapidly and completes its maturation by the end of September. Its extreme long sexual reproductive cycle is due to the zygote dormancy. Therefore the fruit of the preceding year and the flower of this year appear on the same branch in the summer. The dormancy of zygote and fruit maturation in the second year in T. sinensis supports the hypothesis that Tapiscia should be raised to family level. The unique reproductive feature and other characters of systematic value suggest that the systematic position of this genus requires further study.

关 键 词：休眠 果实 瘿椒树 合子 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]