兔窦房结的光镜和电镜观察  

Light and electron microscopical research on sinoatrial nodes of rabbit heart

作　　者：李永华[1] 宋治远[1] 张志辉[1] 姚青[1] 仝识非[1] 黄骥[1] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学西南医院心血管内科,重庆400038

出　　处：《重庆医学》2008年第6期624-625,629,I0001,I0002,共5页Chongqing medicine

摘　　要：目的了解窦房结的形态结构,为临床心血管试验提供形态学依据。方法取10例大白兔心脏,常规石蜡包埋窦房结组织连续切片,HE染色后在光镜下观察。另取2例大白兔窦房结对其特化的P细胞和T细胞进行透射电镜观察。结果兔窦房结主要位于右房界沟的静脉窦侧,其长轴与界沟平行,向上可达腔耳角下1.5mm,向下可达下腔静脉入口处,窦房结的厚度可占据整个心房壁全层或心内膜下心房壁外侧2/3。兔的窦房结的形态结构变化较大,多数呈长尾形,结内未见到大的窦房结中央动脉,内部有丰富小血管分布。光镜下窦房结细胞小而密,胞质淡染,主要为P细胞及T细胞。电镜下P细胞细胞器少、核大,呈圆形或椭圆形,近核膜有染色质凝聚,线粒体少,高尔基体发达,位于核旁。T细胞胞核呈长圆形,线粒体较多,可见较完整的肌节,细胞间连接多为中间连接。结论大白兔窦房结的位置较高,形态有一定差异,其细胞发育较为成熟。Objeetive To research the morphological structure of rabbit sinoatrial node（SAN） and to provide morphological data for clinical cardiovascular experiments. Methods After being routinely embedded in paraffin,complete serial sections of right atria were cut and stained with HE,ten cases were observed under light microscope. On this basis, specialized SAN pacemaking cells （P cells） and transitional cells （T cells） of two cases were observed under transmission electron microscope. Results The rabbit SAN was mainly identified in the venous sinus part of right crista terminals,up to 1.5 mm below cava-appendage and down to the entrance of superior vena cava. Its long axis parallels the crista terminals. The shape of SAN was irregular and different in each case and mainly looked like ＂long tail＂. There were abundant small blood vessels in SAN and no large SAN central artery. Cells in the SAN domain were small and intensive with cytoplasm light staining,chiefly consisted of P cells and T cells. P cells were round,oval or irregular in shape with little cell organs. The nucleus were round or oval and large. Chromatin gathered beside the nuclear membrane. Mitochondria were little. Golgi apparatus were developed and located beside the nucleus. The＇nucleus of T cells were oval and rugosity, with more mitochondria. Intact sarcomere could be seen. The cell-cell junction were chiefly intermediate junction. Conelusion The rabbit SAN locates at a higher position and there is different in shape. The development of SAN cells seems mature.

关 键 词：窦房结 兔 P细胞 T细胞 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]