三江平原抚远县景观格局变化研究  

Landscape Pattern Change of Fuyuan County in the Sanjian Plain

作　　者：郑树峰[1] 张柏[1] 王宗明[1] 张树清[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所

出　　处：《湿地科学》2008年第1期13-18,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所学科前沿领域项目(KZCX3-SW-356);中国科学院东北振兴科技行动计划重点项目(DBZX-2-030)资助

摘　　要：基于RS和GIS技术，应用集成地形图与遥感影像（MSS和TM）数据，获得抚远县6期景观类型图；通过计算各景观类型的相对变化率、转入和转出贡献率，应用景观格局分析方法，对1954～2005年三江平原抚远县湿地农田化过程进行分析。结果表明，1986年以后，耕地成为抚远县面积最大的景观类型；1954～2005年，各景观类型中耕地的相对变化率最大，1995—2000年间其相对变化率达到10．50；湿地的相对变化率在1976～1986年最大，为1．31％，湿地转出变为耕地的贡献率较大，这主要是湿地大面积被开垦为耕地的结果。景观指数在过去50多年间都发生了明显变化，最大景观形状指数（LSI）出现在1995年，为36．99；最大Shannon多样性指数（SHDI）出现在1986年，为1．45；最大斑块聚集度指数（CONTAG）和斑块指数（LPI）出现在2005年，分别为64．14和53．35；最大斑块周长——面积分维数（PAFRAC）出现在1954年，为1．54。大规模农业开发与景观指数变化规律存在密切关系。Quantifying landscape pattern and its change can provide useful information for effectively monitoring, assessing, and managing landscapes. Based on RS and GIS technology and landscape pattern analysis, the process of wetland reclamation in Fuyuan county, the Sanjiang Plain was analyzed during the period of 1954 to 2005. The data sources mainly came from the Landsat TM digital images, topographic maps and statistical data. The images were interpreted to get the landscape distribution maps of 1954, 1976, 1986, 1995, 2000 and 2005. Using the landscape distribution data of Fuyuan county, the landscape indices including patch density （PD）, landscape shape index（LSI）, largest patch index （LPI）, contagion index （CONTAG）, Shannon＇ s diversity index （SHD1）, Perimeter- Area Fractal Dimension （PAFRAC）, conversion contribution ratios of landscapes and relative change ratios of landscapes during different periods were calculated. With theory and methods of land- scape ecology, the landscapes changes and analysis of the process of land reclamation and wetland shrinkage were focused on in the paper. The results showed that, during the past 50 years, conversion contribution ratios of cropland landscape from other kinds of landscapes increased while conversion contribution ratios of other kinds of landscapes into wetland landscape decreased, a lot of wetlands transformed into croplands. Cropland instead of wetland has been the main landscape through the large - scale reclamation in the study area. The wetland ecosystem was disturbed and even lost because of continuing cultivation. During the period 1954 to 1976 and 2000 to 2005, the transform ratios of wetlands were the bigger; a lot of wetlands were reclaimed into croplands. After 1986, cropland has become the biggest landscape type of the study area. Relative change ratio of cropland was the largest （10.04） during 1995 to 2000. Landscape indices changed remarkably in the past decades. PD values were between 0.088 （2005） and 0. 198 （ 1995 ）

关 键 词：遥感 景观格局 湿地农田化 三江平原抚远县 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]