铁路公共厕所卫生状况的调查分析  

An Investigaton and Analysis on the Present Situation about the Hygiene of Pubulic Lavatories Administered by Raijway Bureau

作　　者：王新云[1] 高婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京铁路局中心卫生防疫站

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》1997年第2期76-78,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：铁道部科研项目

摘　　要：为了解铁路公厕的卫生状况，笔者采用概率分布填表抽样调查的方法对全国１０个铁路局管辖的１００４座公厕进行了实地调查和分析。结果表明：１）水冲式厕所３４９座占３５％，旱式厕所６５５座占６５％。２）８７％的水冲式厕所分布在二等以上客运车站，７４．４％的旱厕分布在三等及以下车站。３）水冲式厕所卫生达标率为９１．７％，旱式厕所卫生达标率为３５．９％。４）公厕数量和蹲位不足，卫生设施不健全。这结果提示今后改厕重点是旱厕，改建公厕投资应由二等以上客运站向三等站及以下站区转移。对有水源供给地区应建成水冲式卫生厕所，缺水、高寒地区应建成旱式卫生厕所，实行收费管理是改厕建厕的可行之路。public lavatories administered by 10 railway bureaus all over the contry were investigated and analysed with the method of probability distribution analysis,filling in forms and selective examination.The results indicated:(1)the public lavatories administered by railway bureaus had two types:one was water closet(349)which was 35% of the tatal,the other was non water oloset(655)which was 65% of it.(2)87% of the water closet distributed in the second olass and above second class passenger railway stations.74.4% of the non water closet in the third class and below third-class stations.(3)the rate of hygienic standard achievementwas 91 7% for the water closet,and 35.9% for the non water closet.(4)the number of public lavatories and squat sets were shortage,sanitary facilities were not perfect.The results showed that the emphasis of rebuilding the public lavatories in the future was building building non water closeets.The investment for rebuilding must be turneed from second class and above second class passenger railway station to third class and below third class station.Water hygienic closet must be built in areas with water abtainable,and non water hygienic cilsets to be builtffin the areas where were water shortage and serious cold.It was the practicable way of building and rebuilding closet to institute the administration by collecting fees from passengevs.

关 键 词：铁路 公共厕所 卫生状况 调查 分析 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R124.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]