如何利用化石植物定量研究古海拔？  

How to Determine Quantitative Estimates of Palaeo-elevation from Fossil Plants?

作　　者：孙启高[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《地质论评》2008年第2期145-154,共10页Geological Review

基　　金：国家自然科学资助项目(编号40572001和30100012);中科院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(编号SKLLQG-0406)的成果

摘　　要：古海拔问题是当前古植物学与古环境研究领域中的难点之一,属于化石植物生物学与地球科学和环境科学相互交叉、相互渗透的前沿性研究。定量研究古海拔的变化对阐述诸如青藏高原抬升历史等重大科学问题具有十分重要的意义。应用生物学的思想和方法,利用化石植物研究地质历史时期古海拔的变化是当前研究的一个热点。化石植物既是研究地质历史时期植被演替的直接证据,又是研究古海拔变化的珍贵材料。本文简述了利用化石植物定量研究古海拔的3类主要方法,即最近亲缘种分析、共存因子分析和叶相分析的基本原理和实际应用,侧重分析中国地区(如西藏南部南木林盆地)古海拔的研究进展和存在问题,并结合近年来的研究实践展望了将来的工作。Palaeo-elevation is a seemingly tantalizing research field in palaeobotany and palaeo- environment right now. Such research is characteristic of mutli-disciplinary studies of fossil plant biology, Earth sciences and environmental sciences. Quantitative estimate of palaeo-elevation is believed to be of great importance to uplift history of Qinghai-Xizang （Tibetan） Plateau and other scientific problems. Biological principles and methods have been applied to the quantitative reconstruction of palaeo-elevation from fossil plants in the geological past. Fossil plants are considered as direct evidence for vegetation succession in the geological period and invaluable materials for the prediction of palaeo-elevation. In this paper are briefly reviewed about the principle and application of Nearest Living Species （NLR）, Co- existence Approach （CA） and Leaf Physiognomy, including Leaf Margin Analysis （LMA） and Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program （CLAMP）. This paper also deals with the advances of palaeo- elevation work in Namling Basin in southern Xizang （Tibet） and other regions of China. Finally, future work about precision of the palaeo-elevation estimates is prospected on the basis of our recent research.

关 键 词：古海拔 化石植物 最近亲缘种分析 共存因子分析 叶相分析 

分 类 号：P531[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]