农药污染对蚯蚓的群落结构与超微结构影响的研究  

Effects of pesticide pollution on community structure and cell ultrastructure of earthworm

作　　者：郭永灿[1,2] 赖勤[1,2] 颜亨梅 王振中[1,2] 张友梅 邢协加[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学生物系 [2]湖南师范大学资源与环境学系

出　　处：《中国环境科学》1997年第1期67-71,共5页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：报道了农药污染对蚯蚓的群落结构与超微结构影响的研究，结果表明：随着农药污染程度增加，蚯蚓的种类和数量则减少。超微结构在扫描电镜下可观察到重污染区壮伟环毛蚓（Ｐｈｅｒｅｔｉｍａｒｏｂｕｓｔａ）胃粘膜出现溃疡灶，并产生穿孔现象；在中污染区只有微绒毛萎缩病变；在重污染区发现肠粘膜上的纤毛发生紊乱及萎缩，纤毛顶端膨大呈球形。对精子观察可见在中污染区就出现了畸形精子。在透射电镜下观察可见重污染区壮伟环毛蚓胃肠道粘膜上皮细胞中的粗面内质网（ＲＥＲ）出现扩张，高尔基复合体也产生扩张状，线粒体发生肿胀，线粒体嵴消失呈空泡状。另可见细胞核膜间隙扩张、断裂，核染色质边集或减少，胞质呈大片空白。蚯蚓以上病变指标均能很灵敏反映土壤农药污染程度。This paper deals with the effects of pesticide pollution on community structure and cell ultrastructure of earthworm.The results show that the species and quantities of earthworm are decreased with increase of pesticide pollution degree.After observation with scanning electron microscope,ulceration and perforation on stomach mucosa, cilia depauperation and disarrangement on intestinal epithelium mucosa could be found in P.robusta collected from heavy pollution area. Moreover,the tip of the cillia of intestinal mucosa expanded into sphericity.In medium pollution,microvilli and distortion of sperm could be found. Under transmission electron microscope, RER and Golgi complex dilatation,chondriosome swell and ridge disappearance could be observed on cells of stomach epithelium mucosa of P.robusta collected from heavy pollution area.In addition,the cells caryotheca backlash dilatated and broke;the caryo chromatin decreased;and the plasmatio blanked.These pathological changes of earthworm can reflect sensitively the pesticide pollution degree of soil.

关 键 词：农药污染 蚯蚓 群落结构 超微结构 

分 类 号：X592.032.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]