苏南太湖水系农业面源污染及其控制对策研究  

POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL NON POINT SOURCES AND ITS CONTROL IN RIVER SYSTEM OF TAIHU LAKE,JIANGSU

作　　者：马立珊[1] 汪祖强[1] 张水铭[1] 马杏法[1] 张桂英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所

出　　处：《环境科学学报》1997年第1期39-47,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

摘　　要：提出并应用了差额污染负荷量的概念，建立了平原水网地区大面积（１．５—２．５万ｍ２）集水区网络试验法，并设计了可以覆盖苏南太湖地区的７种类型水、旱田网络试验区．通过点面结合，室内外试验配合，采用１５Ｎ同位素示踪技术进行农田氮素流失模拟试验等研究．结果表明，农业面源氮素污染负荷量随年降水量和灌溉量的增加而增大；浅层地下水硝态氮的污染负荷量与氮肥的施用量呈正相关；稻田氮素污染负荷量显著地高于旱田；农业面源磷素污染差额总负荷量与灌溉水磷素含量呈负相关．A concept of net pollutant load was developed and applied to study the network of flooded rice fields covering an area from 15000 to 25000m 2 in Taihu Lake regions, Jiansu.The experimental area covers seven types of rice and dry land.With the help of 15 N tracing technique,the loss of nitrogen was studied both in field and in laboratory.The results show that the load of nitrogen from agricultural non point sources increase as the rise of the annual rainfall and the irrigation. The load of nitrate to shallow groundwater increases as increased application of nitrogenous fertilizer. The load of nitrogen to the rice field is much higher than that to upland.There is a negative correlation between the net load of phosphorus from agricultural non point sources and phosphorus content in the irrigation water. The total load of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural non point sources in the Taihu lake region in southern Jiansu was calculated.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 氮素 磷素 太湖 富营养化 

分 类 号：X524.06[环境科学与工程—环境工程]