几种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对核盘菌的抗菌活性  

Antifungal Activity of Cationic Surfactants Quarternary Ammonium Salt on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

作　　者：于婷[1] 尚玉珂[1] 石怀兴[1] 慕卫[1] 刘峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《农药学学报》2008年第1期99-104,共6页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD08A03)

摘　　要：采用菌丝生长速率法测定了5种阳离子表面活性剂对从染病黄瓜植株上分离的核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum菌丝生长的毒力,及其对菌丝形态、生物量、菌核形成及萌发和菌体细胞膜透性的影响。结果表明,十二烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵抑制菌丝生长的毒力较高,EC50值为3.92μg/mL,与杀菌剂乙霉威毒力相当;经阳离子表面活性剂处理后,菌丝粗壮且呈念珠状;随药剂浓度的增大,菌丝生长受抑制的程度增加,菌丝生物量降低率可达90%以上;在阳离子表面活性剂的作用下,菌核的数量与空白对照相比有所减少,但质量略有增加,而腐霉利处理菌核数量无明显变化,但质量明显减少;5种阳离子表面活性剂在10 000μg/mL浓度下均不能完全抑制菌核萌发,而对照药剂腐霉利和嘧霉胺在200μg/mL即可完全抑制菌核萌发。The inhibition activity on mycelium growth of 5 cationic surfactants and 3 fungicides against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum（Lib. ）de Bary were determined by mycelium growth rate method in lab. And their effects on the pathogen＇s mycelium shape, sclerotium formation, sclerotium germination, dry weight of mycelium and membrane osmotic potential were also studied. The results showed that dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride had the strongest inhibitory effect on mycelia growth, its EC50 value was 3.92 μg/mL, which was similar with fungicide diethofencarb. After treated with cationic surfactants, the mycelia became stout and had moniliform appearance. As the concentration of the cationic surfactants increased, the inhibitory effect on the growth and the dry weight of mycelium became stronger,and the mycelium＇s dry weight reduced more than 90%. And the sclerotium numbers decreased compared with that of the control, however the weight increased slightly. In contrast, after treatment with procymidone, the sclerotium numbers had no visible change but the weight decreased greatly. The 5 cationic surfactants even at the concentration of 10 000 μg/mL could not restrain the sclerotium germination completely, but the fungicides of procymidone and pyrimethaml could restrain it at the concentration of 200 μg/mL.

关 键 词：阳离子表面活性剂 核盘菌 菌丝生长 毒力 菌核萌发 细胞膜透性 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学] TQ423.121[农业科学—植物保护]