广东鹤山退化草坡从草本优势向灌木优势演变过程中的生态特征  

The Changes of Ecological Characteristics of Degraded Hilly Grassland during the Transformation from Herb Dominance to Shrub Dominance in Heshan, Guangdong

作　　者：班嘉蔚[1] 殷祚云[1] 张倩媚[1] 韦明思[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园 [2]广西药用植物园,南宁530023

出　　处：《热带地理》2008年第2期129-133,共5页Tropical Geography

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(07118249;06300348);广州市科技攻关项目(2007J1–C0471)

摘　　要：研究了地处南亚热带的广东省鹤山草坡在从草本优势群落演变为灌木优势群落过程中的植物多样性、生物量、土壤营养等结构与功能特征的变化,发现其转变过程中的植物多样性有所增加,土壤含水量提高,土壤有机质及全氮含量均增加1倍多,同时会积累更多的生物量。恢复早期草本优势群落,在一定程度上影响着自身生境条件如土壤水分、养分等的改善,这为其后木本植物的生长创造了适宜的生境条件,有利于群落向灌木优势的结构方向发展,同时能促进群落生物量和植物多样性的提高。但以灌木为优势种的群落的植物多样性、土壤含水量等特征仍处于较低水平。南亚热带退化草坡自然恢复这一过程较为缓慢,应采取适当的人为措施,如通过人工造林恢复乔木层植被,进而增加林下植物多样性,以加速退化草坡的植被恢复。By the fieldwork and indoor experiment, the changes of the community structure and function of degraded hilly grassland, such as plant diversity, biomass, and soil nutrition, during the vegetation restoration from herb dominance to shrub dominance in south subtropical Heshan, Guangdong, were examined. The results showed that： during the restoration, the plant diversity and soil moisture capacity of the community increased, the soil organic matter and total N content were doubled or even more, and the biomass also increased. With the development of vegetation cover, the environmental factors such as radiation condition, soil moisture and nutrition of early degraded hilly land were ameliorated. Such improvement created suitable microenvironment for the colonization of shrubs and influenced gradually the community structure, in turn increased the plant diversity and biomass. However, the plant diversity and soil moisture capacity of the community dominated by shrubs were still at a low level, as compared with the zonal community. The natural restoration of the vegetation in the degraded hilly grassland will be a long run. The alternative methods such as artificial forestation can reestablish the arboreal tree layer in the community firstly, and then increase the diversity under storied vegetation to speed up the vegetation restoration on the degraded hilly land.

关 键 词：退化草坡 群落特征 自然恢复 鹤山 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]