设施菜地土壤养分演变规律及对地下水威胁的研究  

Changes of Soil Nutrients in Vegetable-Greenhouse and Its Pollution to Underground Water

作　　者：刘兆辉[1] 江丽华[1] 张文君[1] 郑福丽[1] 王梅[1] 林海涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2008年第2期293-298,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目资助(项目编号2006BAD17B07)

摘　　要：1994～1997年山东寿光设施蔬菜年平均施肥量达到N 1351.2kg hm-2、P2O5 1701.2kg hm-2和K2O 539.6kg hm-2;2004年与1997年相比,氮肥和磷肥的用量减少,钾肥的用量增加,有机养分的比例增加。日光温室蔬菜氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的表观利用率分别为21.33%、2.82%、61.34%。蔬菜土壤有机质含量高于露地土壤。寿光日光温室土壤中碱解氮含量平均205.4mg kg-1;速效磷的含量平均为225.2mg kg-1,具有明显的积累效应,与设施种植时间之间存在极显著的相关性(r=0.550**,n=35);土壤速效钾含量最高为369.7mg kg-1,也具有明显的积累效应,与设施使用时间具有极显著的相关性(r=0.502**,n=35)。设施表层土壤中水溶性钙的含量平均为336.0mg kg-1,土壤水溶性镁的含量平均为70.6mg kg-1。日光温室土壤中微量元素除硼外,含量均高于露地土壤。地下水硝酸盐污染严重,而且上升迅速。Shandong Province is the main area of vegetable production in China, where the greenhouse area is accounted for nearly 50% of that of China. From 1994 to 1997 the average fertilizer amount applied on Shandong greenhouse vegetable was N 1351.2kg hm^-2, P2O5 1701.2kg hm^-2 and K20 539.6kg hm^-2 annually. The application amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer had been decreased, while the amount of potassium fertilizer and the percent of organic nutrient increased obviously in 2004 compared with those in 1997. The apparent balance of the soil N,P,K was all obsessive. Apparent efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were separately 21.33%,2.82% and 61.34% in greenhouses in Shougnang. The pH of the greenhouse soil had the tendency of declining compared with that of the open field soil, and the content of organic matter was higher than that of the open field soil. The content of soil available nitrogen available P were 205.4mg kg^-1 and 225.2mg kg^-1. Phosphorus applied had the obvious build-up effect. The application time of the greenhouse and the content of available phosphorus had the extremely remarkable relevance （r=0.550＊＊, n=35）. The highest content of available K was up to 369.7mg kg^-1,which also had the obvious build-up effect. The time greenhouse had been used and the content of available Potassium had the extremely remarkable relevance （r=- 0.502＊＊, n=35）.The content of soluble Calcium was 336.0 mg kg^-1 in the surface soil, the content of soluble Magnesium was 70.6mg kg^-1. Generally the content of soil trace element except Boron in the greenhouse was higher than that of the open field.

关 键 词：设施菜地 土壤速效养分 土壤微量元素 硝酸盐淋洗 

分 类 号：S625.5[农业科学—园艺学] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]