菹草(Potamogeton crispus)的花粉形态与其生态因子  

STUDY ON POLLEN MORPHOLOGY AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS OF POTAMOGETON CRISPUS

作　　者：张颖[1] 周忠泽[1] 赵秀侠[1] 许仁鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学生命科学学院,安徽省生态工程与生物技术重点实验室,合肥230039

出　　处：《微体古生物学报》2008年第1期91-96,共6页Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30670151);安徽省自然科学基金(03043102)

摘　　要：应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对安徽大学校内水池中眼子菜科植物菹草的花粉形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明花粉粒球形至近球形,花粉大小为21.0—29.0μm,平均为24.5μm。无萌发孔。光学显微镜下,花粉外壁纹饰为网状,外壁厚约4.1μm,两层明显,外层较内层厚。在扫描电镜下花粉表面具粗网状纹饰,网脊窄。在透射电镜下,花粉外壁为三层组成,即覆盖层、柱状层和基层。外壁内层不明显。覆盖层不连续,为半覆盖层;柱状层小柱发达;基层较厚。同时研究了菹草花粉的地理分布及其与生态因子的关系。根据菹草植物赖以生存的生态因子,得出菹草花粉分布区的主要生态因子,包括地理位置、海拔高度、年降水量、年积温及生境,为利用地层中眼子菜科化石花粉重建古气候、古环境及气候变迁提供了现代孢粉学资料和依据。Pollen grains of Potamogeton crispus Linn. from the campus pool of Anhui University were examined through light microscope （LM）, scanning electronic microscope （SEM） and transmission electronic microscope （TEM）. The pollen grains are inaperturate, spheroidal or subspheroidal in shape, 21.0-29.0μm in diameter. Under LM, the ornamentation of exine is prominently reticulate. Exine 4. 1 μm thick, sexine slightly thicker than nexine. Under SEM, the ornamentation of exine is coarsely reticulate. Under TEM, the pollen grains have three exine stratifications： tectum, columellae and foot layer. Endexine is indistinct, sexine semitectate, columellae developed, foot layer obvious thicker. Additionally, the connection between the geographical distribution and ecological factors of the pollen of Potamogeton crispus is also studied. The main ecological factors of the pollen of Potamogeton crispus are obtained in Hefei area, including geographical position, altitude, annual precipitation, annual accumulated tempera- ture and habitat. On the basis of these information, the climate and environment conditions of Potamogeton crispus are analysed, which is significant for estimating the palaeovegetation, palaeoclimate, paleaoenvironment and climate change by utilizing the fossil pollen of the Potamogetonaceae.

关 键 词：菹草(Potamogeton crispus) 花粉形态 古植被 古气候 

分 类 号：Q914[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]