长期施肥对土壤酶活性和氮磷养分的影响  

EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES AND TRANSFORMATION OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN SOIL

作　　者：袁玲[1] 杨邦俊 郑兰君[2] 刘学成 

机构地区：[1]西南农业大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]武胜县农业局 [3]遂宁县农业局

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》1997年第4期300-306,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

摘　　要：10年定位试验的结果表明，有机肥与化肥配合施用能提高土壤有机质和氮磷养分含量，增强土壤蛋白酶、脾酶、转化酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。其中，土壤蛋白酶、腺酶、转化酶的活性与土壤NH4＋-N和有机质，土壤磷酸酶的活性与土壤有效磷和有机质呈显著或极显著正相关。有机肥和化肥长期配合施用，可为作物生长创造一种良好的土壤环境。在水稻生育期，土壤蛋白酶、脲酶和转化酶的活性随水稻生育期递进而降低;土壤磷酸酶的活性在水稻拔节期至抽穗期最高，分蘖期和成熟期较低。土壤的酶活性与氮、磷养分的有效化密切相关。Three ten-year fertilization experiments indicate the increment of protease, urease,invertase, phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase activities in soil by organic-inorganic fertilization. Similarly, the contents of organic matter and nitrogen as well as phosphorus were increased by the fertilization of organic manure mixed with chemical fertilizers together. Positive correlation were found between the activities of protease. ureas and invertase and the contents of NH4+-N and organic matter, also phosphatase and the concentrations of available P and organic matter in soil as well. Thus, it seems reasonable to suggest that a suitable soil environment for crop growth could be produced by long-term fertilization of organic manure supplied with chemical fertilizers. Moreover, the activities of protease, urease and invertase in soil were decreased as rice growing in. contrast to phosphatase which was observed to be highest in the periods of jointing and heading as compared to those in tillering and mature. There also existed positive correlation between the activities of enzymes and the mobilizations of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil in rice growing period.

关 键 词：长期施肥 土壤酶 氮 磷 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]