凉山山系、小相岭山系大熊猫遗传多样性的DNA指纹比较分析  

THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF GIANT PANDAS BETWEEN LIANGSHAN AND XIAOXIANGLING MOUNTAINS

作　　者：方盛国[1,2] 冯文和[1,2] 张安居 李绍昌[3,4] 余健秋 黄祥明[3,4] 何光昕 费立松 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学分子生物学研究所 [2]四川联合大学生物系 [3]成都大熊猫繁育研究基地 [4]成都动物园

出　　处：《兽类学报》1997年第4期248-252,共5页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：成都大熊猫繁育研究基金;四川省教委重点项目

摘　　要：利用同位素标记大熊猫ＤＮＡ指纹探针Ｆ２ＺＧＰ９６０６０８０１，比较检测了凉山山系和小相岭山系大熊猫随机个体的ＤＮＡ指纹图，获得的遗传多样性参数如下：（１）凉山山系和小相岭山系随机个体的平均谱带数分别是３３．１４和２８．２５条；平均等位基因频率分别是０．４３和０．４８；平均杂合率分别是５７％和５２％。（２）凉山山系和小相岭山系大熊猫各自群体内部个体之间ＤＮＡ指纹的相似系数分别是０．６８和０．７２。将两个山系并为一个大群体后，随机个体的平均谱带数为３０．５３；平均等位基因频率为０．３６；个体之间ＤＮＡ指纹的相似系数为０．５８；平均杂合率上升至６４％。（３）凉山山系和小相岭山系大熊猫群体之间的遗传距离为０．４２，两山系之间已有明显的遗传分化。大熊猫以分布的山系为群体单元时，个体之间遗传相似性高，遗传多样性贫乏；若群体单元扩大到两个山系时，个体之间遗传相似性下降，遗传多样性明显上升。此结果初步表明：大熊猫作为一个物种，遗传多样性可能不是很贫乏，但各个山系内的大熊猫群体，遗传多样性的贫乏程度是相当严重的。Using the method of labelling giant panda′s DNA fingerprinting probe F 2ZGP96060801 with γ 32 P ATP we have done the comparative detecting and analysis on the genetic diversity of giant pandas between Liangshan and Xiaoxiangling mountains, and the results are as follows. 1.The mean numbers of bands per individual are 28 25 in Liangshan mountain and 33 14 in Xiaoxiangling mountain. The mean allelic frequencies are 0 48 in Liangshan mountain and 0 43 in Xiaoxiangling mountain. The mean heterozygous ratio are 52% in Liangshan mountain and 57% in Xiaoxiangling mountain 2.The mean similarity coefficients of DNA fingerprints are 0 72 in Liangshan mountain and 0 68 in Xiaoxiangling mountain. 3.As a genetic colony, the mean similarity coefficient of DNA fingerprints of giant pandas including two mountains of Liangshan and Xiaoxiangling is 0 58, the mean number of bands per individual is 30 53, the mean allelic frequency is 0 36, and the mean heterozygous ratio is 64%. 4.The parameter of genetic distance of giant pandas is 0 42 between Liangshan mountain and Xiaoxiangling mountain, and there is a obvious genetic differentiation between the giant pandas of Liangshan mountain and Xiaoxiangling mountain. When the genetic unit is one of the mountains, Liangshan or Xiaoxiangling, the genetic similarity of giant pandas among individuals is very high(0 68～0 72) and it is very poor in genetic diversity. If the unit of genetic colony includs two mountains of Liangshan and Xiaoxiangling, there are a marked drop in the genetic similarity among the individuals and rise in genetic diversity. The results above has made known our point of view that as a species the genetic diversity of giant panda is impossibly poor but the genetic colony of each mountain.

关 键 词：凉山山系 大熊猫 DNA指纹图 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：Q959.838[生物学—动物学]