若干环境因子对成体小荚蛏存活的影响  

Effects of several environmental factors on Siliqua minima

作　　者：柴雪良[1] 张永普[2] 宣瑛 陆荣茂[4] 尤仲杰 林志华[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]温州大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江温州325027 [3]宁波市海洋与渔业研究院,浙江宁波315012 [4]浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江温州325005

出　　处：《海洋学研究》2008年第1期45-51,共7页Journal of Marine Sciences

基　　金：温州市科技计划资助项目(S2004A002)

摘　　要：2004年3～4月，采用室内试验初步研究了水温、盐度、pH值等几种环境因子对成体小英蛏存活的影响，并测定了小英蛏的耗氧率和最低耐氧能力，以探讨适合小荚蛏生活的环境条件，为小英蛏的增养殖及其自然资源的保护提供理论基础。试验结果表明，小英蛏为一种广温、广盐性、适合于泥底质生活的埋栖型贝类。在水温为0～25℃范围内，小英蛏能较好地存活，其中在水温为10-25℃时小荚蛏生活状况良好。小英蛏的适盐范围为10-40，15～30是小英蛏比较适宜的盐度范围。小荚蛏对pH值的适应范围较广，在pH值为4～9范围内，存活率较高。成体小英蛏对水体中的氨氮有较高的忍受能力，在水体中pH值为8．0、总氨氮质量浓度达20mg／L时，72h后其存活率仍可达70％。总氨氮对成体小荚蛏72h的半致死质量浓度（LC50）为32．50mg／L，此时非离子氨的质量浓度为4．27mg／L。小英蛏的白天平均耗氧率为（0．6636±0．1023）mg／（g．h），黑夜平均耗氧率为（0．6608±-0．0337）mg／（g．h），窒息点溶氧的质量浓度为0．52mg／L。During March and April in 2004, the effects of some environmental factors to Slliqua minima were studied. The oxygen consumption and the tolerance of oxygen were also measured to find out the suitable surroundings to it. It would be a basic work in order to guide the protection and breeding of S. minima. The results indicated that S. minima belong to eurytherm and eurythaline. The mud sediment was propitious for its growth. The living temperature was in the range of 0-25℃, with a optimal range of 10-25℃. The sanility for its existance was 10-40, and much better between 15-30. The pH range for its adaptation was wide, and the survival rate was high when in the range of 4-9. The adult had a high tolerance of ammonia nitrogen. At pH 8.0, the survival rate of S. minima was about 70% in 72 hours when the concentration of total ammonia was 20 mg/L. The 72 hours Lc50 of total ammonia to the adult was 32.50 mg/L; the union ammonia was 4.27 mg/L. The average oxygen consumption in the night and daytime was （0. 663 6±0. 102 3） mg/（g, h） and （0. 660 8±0. 033 7）mg/（g. h） respectively. The lowest DO for its tolerance was 0. 52 mg/L.

关 键 词：小英蛏 环境因子 耗氧率 半致死质量浓度 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]