基于流速梯度的河流生境多样性分析--以长江湖北宜昌中华鲟自然保护区核心区江段为例  

Analysis of river habitat diversity based on current velocity gradients:Example from the core reach of Chinese Sturgeon Nature Reserve of Yangtze River, in Yichang, Hubei Province

作　　者：张辉[1] 危起伟[1] 杨德国[1] 杜浩[1] 张慧杰[1] 陈细华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所农业部淡水鱼类种质资源与生物技术重点开放实验室

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2008年第4期667-674,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(30490231);国家社会公益研究专项(2000DIB50177和2004DIB3J099);国家基础性工作重点专项(2002DEA1004);湖北省水产办资助项目(20060102)

摘　　要：选取量化断面沿水平方向和沿测流垂线方向流速变化的8个流速梯度指标，并根据这8个指标和2005年12月2—10日采用声学多普勒流速剖面仪（ADCP）在长江葛洲坝至红花套江段走航观测所获得的285个断面的原型数据，对长江葛洲坝至红花套江段生境多样性进行了分析。结果表明：葛洲坝至红花套江段水深以4．71～12．04m居多；据断面平均流速和8个流速梯度指标采用矗均值分类法分析，整个江段以第7类、第8类和第2类区域占主要优势，这3类区域面积共占整个江段面积的88．66％，葛洲坝至庙咀江段为整个研究江段各类区域相间分布最多样化的江段；采用尺型聚类方法分析，断面平均流速与断面8个流速梯度指标之间没有显著的相关性，即具有相同流速的区域不一定具有相似的流速梯度特征，有必要用这些流速梯度指标描绘水流的特性。ADCP在河流水流生境多样性评估、河流生态修复等方面具有较大的潜能，但在数据采集规范、后期数据处理等方面还需作进一步探讨。Eight metrics for quantifying current velocity gradients along horizontal or vertical directions were proposed, and water velocity and depth data of 285 transects were collected during December 2-10, 2005, in the reach from Gezhouba Dam to Honghuatao of Yangtze River by Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler （ADCP） , to study the habitat diversity of this reach. The result showed that the major water depth in the reach between Gezhouba Dam and Honghuatao was 4.71-12.04 m. The analysis on K-mean algorithm of transect-averaged velocity and eight metrics showed that the areas of types 7, 8 and 2 predominated over the other, together occupying 88.66% of total area of the whole reach. The reach betwcen Gezhouba Dam and Miaozui had the most diversified hydraulic environment. R-type cluster showed that the eight metrics had no close relationships with the average current velocity of the transect, indicating that the areas with similar current velocity were not necessary to have similar spatial velocity gradients. Therefore, it was necessary to use these metrics to portray the character of the water current. ADCP has great potential for studying diversity of fiver current habitats and riverine ecosystem rehabilitation. However, data collecting criterion and data processing should be discussed further.

关 键 词：长江 生境 流速 声学多普勒流速剖面仪 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]