燕麦种子贮存后遗传完整性研究  

Studies on genetic integrity of genus oat (AvenaL.)seed under natural storage conditions

作　　者：谭富娟[1] 范传珠[1] 马缘生[1] 周红立[1] 周涛[1] 张子良[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农科院作物品种资源研究所,北京100081 [2]青海农林科学院品资室,西宁810016

出　　处：《种子》1997年第5期9-12,共4页Seed

基　　金：国家"八五"攻关项目

摘　　要：本文取材青海农林科学院1956、1964、1984年存入西宁自然库中裸燕麦和皮燕麦种子共12个品种，于1993年从生理生化、细胞学等进行了多项指标的测定和分析，结果表明：贮存8年的种子发芽率高，平均发芽率裸燕麦85．0％，皮燕麦74．1％，其幼苗鲜重、干重，活力指数、TTC活性等均高，而电导率低；贮存28年的种子发芽率明显降低，平均发芽率裸燕麦为48．2％，皮燕麦为2．0％；贮存36年的种子已丧失发芽力。陈旧种子根尖细胞分裂后期异常染色体出现频率高到6．22％，但经播种一年后染色体恢复到正常，异常率只有0．4％。分析比较了不同贮存年代种子的酯酶（EST）、α-淀粉酶（α-Amy）、过氧化物酶（PER）等同工酶和醇溶蛋白图谱，陈旧种子中条带数明显减少、削弱。这对利用西宁自然库安全贮存燕麦种子提供了依据。Observations, detection or measures of physiology and cytology which inchuded energy and percentage of germination, bud length, vigor index of seed, fresh and observations, banding patterns of isozymes and ghiadin protein were made from the stored seeds of two species of genus oat (Avena L)in order to assess the genetic integrity of the two species under middle-long term's natural storage. These seeds were composed of 12 varieties of naked oat and sativa, which reserved in the Qinghai Natural Genebank. The results showed as follow: The germination percentage of stored naked oat and sativa seeds obviously decreased with the number of the storage yEars. The average gernination percentage of the naked oat and sativa seeds stored for & years were 85.0% and 74.1%,respectively, while those of the two species stored for 28 years were reduced to 48. 2% and 2. 0%, respectively, and those of the two species seeds stored for 36 years completely lost germination power. A high frequency of abnormal chromosome (6. 22 % ) which included bridges, lag chromosome etc. was observed by anaphase of mitosis in the root tip of seedlings germinating from aged seeds. However, the percentage of aberrant chromosomes reducde to 0. 4% for seeds generating from aged seeds. The number of bands and activity of isozymes such as esterase, peroxidase, a-amylase, and gliadin protein obviously reducedin low vigor seeds ; The electric conductivity increased, and vigor index and TTC activity decreased in low vigor seeds. These results gave basis for utilizing Qinghai Natural Genebank to store safely oat seeds.

关 键 词：燕麦 遗传完整性 同功酶 蛋白 染色体 种子贮藏 

分 类 号：S512.603.2[农业科学—作物学]