不同整枝方式对棉花源库关系的调节效应  

Regulation effects of various training modes on source-sink relation of cotton.

作　　者：董合忠[1] 牛曰华[1] 李维江[1] 唐薇[1] 李振怀[1] 张冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院棉花研究中心山东省棉花栽培生理重点实验室,济南250100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2008年第4期819-824,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(nyhyzx07-005-02);山东省优秀中青年科学家奖励基金项目(2006BS06023);山东省农业科学院青年基金资助项目(2006YQN012)

摘　　要：以去叶枝留早果枝的正常整枝方式为对照，于2005-2006年研究了整枝对大田棉花源库关系的调节效应．结果表明：去叶枝去早果枝（Ⅰ）、留叶枝去早果枝（Ⅱ）和留叶枝留早果枝（Ⅲ）3种整枝方式都显著促进了棉花叶面积扩展，最大叶面积系数分别比对照平均提高了10．3％、28．3％和9．5％，导致叶面积载荷量减少，源库比降低．Ⅰ和Ⅱ处理显著提高了叶片叶绿素含量，降低了始絮期的黄叶率和功能叶的C／N，表现出显著地延缓衰老的作用，但Ⅱ处理易导致贪青晚熟；而Ⅲ处理对衰老的延缓作用不大．Ⅰ处理的籽棉产量与对照相当，Ⅱ处理比对照降低了6．4％-15．6％，Ⅲ处理比对照增产6．3％．表明去早果枝和留叶枝皆是调节棉花源库关系、碳氮代谢和延缓棉花早衰的有效手段．With the removal of vegetative branches plus the maintenance of early fruiting branches as the control, the effects of various training modes on the source-sink relation of field-grown cotton were examined in 2005 and 2006. The results showed that compared with the control, either the removal of vegetative branches plus the removal of early fruiting branches （ Ⅰ ）, the maintenance of vegetative branches plus the removal of early fruiting branches （ Ⅱ ）, or the maintenance of vegetative branches plus the maintenance of early fruiting branches （ Ⅲ ） could increase the leaf area per plant significantly, with the average maximum LAI across the two years increased by 10. 3%, 28.3% , and 9. 5% , respectively, and resulting in the decreases of the load per leaf area and the ratio of sink to source. Ⅰ and Ⅱ alleviated the leaf senescence of cotton plants as indicated by the enhanced leaf chlorophyll content and the reduced percentage of yellow leaves and C/N ratio of functional leaves, and Ⅱ also induced the late-maturing of cotton plants. Ⅲ had no significant effects on senescence alleviation. Ⅰ produced approximately equal seed cotton, but Ⅱ and Ⅲ produced 6. 4%-15.6% less and 6. 3% more seed cotton than the control, respectively. It was concluded that either the maintenance of vegetative branches or the removal of early fruiting branches could be an effective pathway to regulate the ratio of sink to source, C/N, and maturity performance of cotton plants.

关 键 词：棉花 留叶枝 去早果枝 源库关系 C、N代谢 叶片衰老 子棉产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]