刺参对浅海筏式贝类养殖系统的修复潜力  

Bioremediation potential of Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) in coastal bivalve suspension aquaculture system.

作　　者：袁秀堂[1] 杨红生[1] 周毅[1] 毛玉泽[2] 许强[1] 王丽丽[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [3]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2008年第4期866-872,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40576073);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09A02);国家“863”计划项目(2006AA100304,2006AA10A411);我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-02-04-07)共同资助

摘　　要：浅海筏式养殖滤食性贝类产生大量的粪便和假粪（总称生物沉积物），对海水养殖环境产生一系列影响；而沉积食性海参能够有效清除颗粒有机物，在海水养殖系统中扮演“清道夫”的生态角色．为评估刺参在浅海筏式贝类养殖系统中的生物修复潜力，本文在不同季节现场研究了贝-参混养模式下刺参对贝类生物沉积物的摄食及生长和排泄特征．结果表明：刺参能够在新设计的养殖设施中与滤食性贝类混养，最大生长率达0．34％·d^-1；并可通过摄食有效清除贝类生物沉积物，摄食率为0．1746g·g^-1·d^-1（夏季，21．2℃）、0．0989g·g^-1·d^-1（秋季，19．2℃）和0．0050g·g^-1·d^-1（冬季，7．7℃）；刺参主要通过排泄溶解形态的NH4^＋-N和PO4^3--P来促进沉积物中营养盐的再生，其排泄率也呈现明显的季节变化．基于现场试验数据，估算了刺参在桑沟湾的生物修复潜力，刺参与贝类混养可摄食4．5～159．6kg·hm^-2·d^-1生物沉积物、排泄1382．5～3678．1mmol·hm^-2·d^-1 NH4^＋-N及74．6～335．7mmol·hm^-2·d^-1 PO4^3--P．表明刺参对浅海筏式贝类养殖系统具有较大的生物修复潜力，贝-参混养模式不仅能够取得较大的生态效益，而且能显著增加养殖生产的经济效益．Suspension aquaculture of filter-feeding bivalves can produce large amount of faeces and pseudofaeces （biodeposits） that may impact aquaculture environment, while deposit-feeding sea cucumbers may effectively utilize such particulate wastes and act as a scavenger in mariculture system. In this paper, the ingestion, growth, and excretion of deposit-feeder Apostichopus japonicus were investigated in situ seasonally to evaluate its bioremediation potential of a suspension aquaculture system of filter-feeding bivalves. The results showed that A. japonicus could grow well in newly designed culture nets, with its maximum specific growth rate being 0. 34%·d^-1. The A. japonicus could effectively use the biodeposits generated by co-cultured bivalves, and the ingestion rate at 21.2 ℃ in summer, 19. 2 ℃ in autumn, and 7.7 ℃ in winter was 0. 1746, 0. 0989, and 0. 0050 g·g^-1·d^-1, respectively. A. japonicus could promote the regeneration of nutrients in biodeposits via the excretion of considerable amount of dissolved N and P, and the excretion also showed obvious seasonal fluctuation. The extrapolation based on the in situ investigation results showed that when co-cultivated with bivalves in lantern nets, A. japonicus would ingest 4. 5-159. 6 kg·hm^-2·d^-1 of dry biodeposits and excrete 1 382. 5-3 678. 1 mmol·hm^-2·d^-1 of NH4^＋-N and 74. 6- 335.7 mmol·hm^-2·d^-1 of PO4^3- -P, indicating that the deposit-feeding A. japonicus had a great bioremediation capability in suspension aquaculture systems. The integrated model of deposit-feeding A. japonicus and filter-feeding bivalve could not only benefit the economy, but also sustain the environment.

关 键 词：刺参 摄食 生长 排泄 筏式贝类养殖系统 生物修复潜力 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]