1987年大兴安岭特大火灾后不同管理措施对落叶松林的长期影响  

Long-term effects of different management strategies on Larix gmelinii forests in Great Hing'an Mountains after the catastrophic fire in 1987.

作　　者：王绪高[1] 李秀珍[1] 贺红士[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2008年第4期915-921,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院院长奖获得者科研启动基金项目(06YZX11003);中国科学院知识创新工程青年人才领域前沿项目(07SBS117S3);辽宁省陆地生态过程与区域生态安全实验室开放基金资助项目(06ZDS215SS)

摘　　要：采用空间直观景观模型(LANDIS)模拟了3种不同经营措施(假设1987年未发生特大火灾,完全依靠天然更新(M1);1987年特大火灾发生后依靠天然更新(M2)和火灾后采取目前森林经营措施(M3))下图强林业局落叶松及其成过熟林300年的动态变化.结果表明:林业局整体水平上,M1和M3方案下落叶松林面积占森林总面积的比例明显高于M2方案.M3方案下落叶松面积比例开始时低于M1方案,但由于大规模的人工更新,随后迅速增加,约100年后赶上M1方案.不同经营措施对落叶松面积百分比影响较大,并对其年龄结构有显著影响.M1方案下落叶松成过熟林面积比例明显高于M2方案;而在M3方案下,由于火后10年大规模的森林采伐,落叶松成过熟林的面积比例锐减,随后逐渐增加,但需要近100年才能达到并超过其他2种方案.此外,在火烧区和未火烧区,落叶松及其成过熟林在不同经营措施下的变化趋势存在明显差异.In this paper, LANDIS model was used to study the effects of different management strategies on the larch （Larix gmelinii） forests of Tuqiang Forest Bureau on the northern slopes of Great Hing＇ an Mountains after the catastrophic fire in 1987. Three management strategies, i. e. , natural regeneration if the catastrophic fire in 1987 was not happened （ M1 ）, natural regeneration after the catastrophic fire in 1987 （M2）, and current management strategy after the catastrophic fire in 1987 （ M3 ）, were compared over a 300-year period. The results showed that the abundance of larch forests over 300 simulation years under the three management strategies had significant difference. In the whole Bureau, the abundance of larch forests under M2 was obviously lower than that under M1 and M3 over 300 years, and the abundance under M3 was lower than that under M1 at the beginning. Due to the reforestation after the catastrophic fire in 1987, the abundance of larch under M3 increased rapidly, and caught up with that under M1 after about 100 years. In addition, different forest management strategies also had significant influence on the age structure of larch forests, especially for mature and over-matured larch forests. The abundance of mature and over-matured larch forests under M1 was higher than that under M2. This abundance under M3 had tremendous decrease because of forest harvesting for about 10 years, and then, increased with time and would exceed that under M1 and M2 for over 100 years. Furthermore, in unburned areas and burned areas, the abundance of mature and over-matured larch forests also had significant difference over 300 simulation years under the three management strategies.

关 键 词：大兴安岭 LANDIS 天然更新 人工更新 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]