煤矿粉尘成分与煤工尘肺的关系  

RELATIONSHIP OF COAL DUST COMPOSITION AND COAL WORKER'S PNEUMOCONIOSIS

作　　者：鹿德智[1] 宋志方[1] 李少奎[1] 杨海兵[1] 许琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]徐州医学院第二附属医院,江苏省徐州市221006

出　　处：《中国煤炭工业医学杂志》2008年第3期390-393,共4页Chinese Journal of Coal Industry Medicine

摘　　要：目的监测煤矿井下粉尘浓度及组成成分,研究其与煤工尘肺的发病关系,为尘肺病防制提供科学依据。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,选择情况相似的二个煤矿进行粉尘测定和成分分析;同时对二矿的井下接尘在岗作业工人进行职业健康监护。结果①甲、乙二矿PC-STEL分别为(13.61±17.65)mg/m3、(39.35±148.10)mg/m3,超过国家标准,样本超标率分别为52.9%、55.8%;PC-TWA分别为(3.20±8.42)mg/m3、(2.15±2.07)mg/m3,超标率分别17.5%和30.2%。②游离二氧化硅含量平均为9.60mg/m3,乙矿显著高于甲矿(P<0.05),岩巷作业显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。③粉尘中Ni、Pb、Mn、As、Cd、Fe、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu等金属与类金属元素的含量分别为(16.2±6.5)μg/g、(50.6±36.1)μg/g、(103.4±54.7)μg/g、(37.5±44.4)μg/g、(235.9±292.4)ng/ml、(6224.6±4295.5)μg/g、(12715.8±26930.8)μg/g、(919.7±915.4)μg/g、(656.7±774.5)μg/g和(28.2±12.8)μg/g;不同煤矿粉尘中金属与类金属元素的含量显著不同,同一煤矿不同采样点(工种)间亦有差异。④煤工尘肺检出率:甲矿0.72%、乙矿1.39%(P<0.05)。结论煤矿作业场所粉尘超标比较严重,煤尘成分中10种金属与类金属元素的含量占总粉尘的2.1%,粉尘浓度及金属与类金属元素含量高的矿,煤工尘肺的发病率较高,提示我们应进一步加强综合防尘措施,完善防、降尘体系,降低煤矿粉尘浓度,降低和控制煤工尘肺的发生。Objective To monitor coal mine dust concentration and composition, study the incidence of coal worker＇s pneumoconiosis, and provide a scientific basis for pneumoconiosis control. Methods Two coal mines were selected by cluster random sampling method, dust measurement and composition analysis were performed and the occupational health care status was monitored in underground access Kong workers. Results （1）The PC - STEL were （13.61 ± 17.65）mg/m^3 , （39.35 ± 148.10）mg/m^3 in two coal mines, which exceeded the national standard and the extra-ratio were 52.9% and 55. 8%. The PC- TWA were （3.20 ± 8.42）mg/m^3 , （2.15 ± 2.07）mg/m^3 and the extra- ratio were 17.5% and 30.2%. （2）The concentration of free- silica was 9.60mg/m^3 ; coal mine was significantly higher（P 〈0.05） ; and the worker place of rock opening was obviously higher than that of others （P〈0.05）. （3）The content of Ni, Pb, Mn, As, Cd, Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu were （16.2 ± 6.5） μg/g, （50.6 ± 36.1） μg/g, （103.4 ± 54.7） μg/g, （37.5 ± 44.4）μg/g, （235.9 ± 292.4）ng/ml, （6224.6 ± 4295.5）μg/g, （12715.8 ± 26930.8）μg/g, （919.7 ± 915.4） μg/g, （656. 7 ± 774.5）μg/g and （28.2 ± 12.8）μg/g in coal mine dust, respectively. The content was different in different coal mines and in different sampling places even in a coal mine. （4）detection rate of coal worker＇s pneumoco- niosis： Jia coal mine 0.72%. Yi coal mine 1.39% （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Mine workplace dusts is over standard seriously. Coal dust in 10 kinds of metal components and nonmetal content category is 2.1% in the total dust. In the ore with high dust concentration and type of metal and nonmetal elements, coal worker＇s pneumoconiosis is in higher incidence, suggesting that we should further strengthen comprehensive dust measures for perfective defense dust system, reduceing coal dust concentration, reducing and controlling the occurrence of coal workers pneumoconiosis.

关 键 词：煤矿粉尘 粉尘浓度 金属与类金属元素 煤工尘肺 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R135.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]