自然湿涝条件下花生种质主要性状与产量的相关性  

The correlation between main characteristics and pod yield in peanut genotypes under natural waterlogging stress

作　　者：李林[1] 刘登望[1] 邹冬生[1] 刘飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学生物科学与技术学院生态研究所,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2008年第1期62-70,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家科技部"十五"重大科技攻关项目(2001BA507A);国家科技部"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD01A04);湖南农业大学引进人才基金项目(2005YJ12).

摘　　要：研究在自然湿涝条件下花生主要性状与产量的相关性,旨在为花生耐湿涝生态育种提供理论依据。考察了21份珍珠豆型花生种质的20个性状,以产量为目标函数进行了回归和简单相关、偏相关和通径分析。结果表明,各性状在种质材料之间存在丰富的变异;简单相关分析显示湿涝条件下高产种质的总体特征为矮秆、多枝,根强而冠弱,根冠比高,生理落叶少,果多、果饱、果重、仁重,而饱果率、饱仁率低,收获指数高,与产量的相关程度以单株总果数>收获指数>单株秕果数≈单株饱果数>百仁重>百果重>根冠比。进一步逐步回归分析则表明,对产量有显著(p<0.05)影响的性状只有5个,以标准回归系数、偏相关系数分别判断其重要性依次为单株饱果数>百仁重>单株秕果数>>饱果率>根冠比和百仁重>单株饱果数>单株秕果数>饱果率>根冠比。通径分析显示,单株饱果数、百仁重对产量的影响以直接效应为主,根冠比对产量的直接效应较小而间接效应较大,饱果率对产量的直接效应较小且间接效应呈较大负值。综合来看,百仁重、单株饱果数、单株秕果数可作为湿涝时高产种质筛选的最主要性状指标,其次是根冠比。Waterlogging is one of the most serious ecological restricting factors for peanut in southern China. By exploring the correlation between main characteristics and pod yield in peanut under natural waterlogging stress, this study aimed to provide theoretical basis for higher tolerance breeding in waterlogging condition. Twenty characteritics including yield of 21 Spanish type germplasm lines （Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata L.） were recorded. Regression analysis and three kinds of correlation analysis including bivariate correlation, partial correlation, and path analysis were conducted by using pod yield as the target. There was considerable variation in characteristics among the peanut lines. The bivariate correlation showed that the high-yielding peanut lines had lower plant height, more sub-branches, less physiological defoliation, higher roots biomass and lower shoot biomass （higher root/shoot ratio, i.e. R/S ratio）, more fully developed pods plant-1 （FDPP） and larger pods with bigger kernel, but lower fully developed pod ratio （FDPR） and fully developed kernel ratio, higher harvesting indexes （HI）, and the correlation coefficients were in the rank of total pod number〉HI〉less developed pod plant-1 （LDPP）≈FDPP〉100-seed mass （Ms）〉100-pod mass〉R/S ratio. With multiple-factor stepwise regression analysis, however, only 5 characteristics were found to be significantly （p〈0.05） related to pod yield, and they were in the rank of FDPP〉Ms〉LDPP〉〉FDPR〉R/S ratio in standardized regression coefficients;meanwhile the partial correlation coefficients was in the rank of Ms〉FDPP〉LDPP〉FDPR〉R/S ratio. Path analysis indicated that FDPP and Ms directly affected pod yield, R/S ratio affected less on yield but had considerable indirect effect on yield, and FDPR had less direct effect on yield but strong indirect negative effect on yield. In summary, Ms, FDPP and LDPP can be used as the most significant criteria for screening high-yielding waterlogging-tolerant peanut;

关 键 词：珍珠豆型花生 种质资源 耐湿涝性 生长发育 产量 生态育种 

分 类 号：S565.203[农业科学—作物学]