重组病毒杀虫剂应用研究进展  

Advances in application of recombinant insect viruses as biopesticides

作　　者：蒋洪[1,2] 韩亚娟[1] 胡柳[1] 张珈敏[1] 胡远扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学病毒学国家重点实验室,环球生物农药武汉大学联合研发中心,武汉430072 [2]武汉大学基础医学院病原生物学系,武汉430072

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2008年第3期322-327,共6页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30370962)

摘　　要：应用分子生物学技术可以将昆虫特异性的毒素基因、某些酶基因等外源基因插入昆虫病毒基因组,或通过改造昆虫病毒基因组等方法构建重组病毒杀虫剂,提高杀虫效果。温室及田间释放实验证实,重组病毒杀虫剂可以显著提高现场防治效果。连续多代抗性筛选实验表明,宿主被诱导产生对重组病毒杀虫剂抗性的速度低于野生型病毒杀虫剂。采用在剂型中添加光增白剂等保护剂、在基因组中插入具有增效作用的基因、应用病毒增强蛋白等技术可以提高重组病毒杀虫效果。随着基因工程技术的发展和安全性研究的深入,以重组杆状病毒为主的重组昆虫病毒杀虫剂的应用研究正面临着突破。Biological control of agricultural and urban pests has gained importance in recent years due to increased pressure to reduce the use of chemical insecticides and their residues in the environment and food.Insect viruses are valuable natural control agents and have been genetically modified to improve their insecticidal activity.Recombinant insect viruses are efficacious in the laboratory,greenhouse and field trials.After 17 generations of selection,the level of resistance to the treated recombinant baculovirus insecticide was twice as great as that of their control line.This is among the lowest levels of resistance evolved to a baculovirus.The insecticidal efficacies can be promoted by adding adjuvant agents into formulations like fluorescent brighteners or expressing enhancins in viral infection.Hopefully,the negative influence of social perception of genetically modified organisms on biotechnological research will gradually decrease and recombinant insect viruses will be introduced as an important biological factor in the near future.

关 键 词：重组病毒杀虫剂 杆状病毒 生物防治 杀虫效果 抗性 

分 类 号：Q966[生物学—昆虫学]