急性轻、中度低压缺氧对手动作业工效的影响  

Effects of Mild and Moderate Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia on Manual Performance

作　　者：呼慧敏[1] 肖华军[2] 丁立[3] 陈守平[1] 杨春信[1] 秦志峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京100083 [2]空军航空医学研究所,北京100036 [3]北京航空航天大学生物工程系,北京100083

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2008年第2期97-102,共6页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：国家青年自然科学基金(50406008)

摘　　要：目的探讨急性轻、中度低压缺氧对手动作业工效的影响。方法利用低压舱模拟高空缺氧环境,设计4种客观工效项目(插钉板、拧螺母、形状感知和握力包括疲劳和耐力)和1种主观感觉项目(问卷),观察9名被试者在5种模拟高度(3500、4000、4500、5000、5500m)缺氧暴露(25±5)min手动作业工效的变化。结果与地面(50m,北京地区实际海拔高度)对照组相比,插钉板、拧螺母完成时间绩效在5种模拟高度均显著降低(P<0.01),在5000、5500m高度缺氧反应进一步加剧(P<0.001)。但在4500m高度时,绩效降低水平反低于4000m;形状感知反应时、反应时绩效和感知综合(反应时间与正确率综合)绩效在5种模拟高度均发生显著变化(P<0.01);握力绩效仅在4000、5500m显著降低(P<0.05),疲劳绩效在5种模拟高度均未发生显著改变,耐力绩效(最大握力和疲劳综合绩效)在5000、5500m高度显著降低(P<0.05);主观测试项目在5种模拟高度均发生了显著变化,且随高度增加,主观感觉分值也相应增加。结论急性轻、中度低压缺氧对手动作业工效产生显著的负面影响。插钉板、拧螺母、形状感知和主观问卷调查4种工效测试项目对缺氧比较敏感,在5种模拟高度其工效均显著降低;耐力绩效对缺氧不敏感,仅在5000、5500m模拟高度显著降低。Objective To explore the effects of mild and moderate acute hypobaric hypoxia on manual performance. Methods Using hypobaric chamber to simulate hypoxia conditions and devising 4 kinds of objective ergonomic testing items（ Insert sticks into holes-board, ISIHB; nut-bolt assembly task, NBAT; shape discrimination, SD; and Grip strength, GS including fatigue and tolerance） and one subjective research item（questionnaire subjective sense） to examine manual work efficiency varieties of 9 subjects exposed to a hypobaric chamber with 5 simulated altitudes（3 500, 4 000, 4 500, 5 000 and 5 500 m）, for （25 ±5）min. Results Compared to control group（50 m, the altitude of Beijing） ： Accomplish time （AT） performance of ISIHB and NBAT significantly decreased（P 〈0.01 ）at five simulated altitudes. At 5 000 m and 5 500 m they decreased further intensified （P 〈 0. 001 ）. However, at 4 500 m both of these two indexes were less decreased than that of 4 000 m; Reaction time （RT）, RT performance and synthetical （correct reaction rate and RT, CR-RT） performance of SD changed significantly （P 〈 0.01 ） at five simulated heights; GS （ maximal GS） performance only significantly decreased at 4 000 m and 5 500 m. Fatigue performance never changed prominently. Tolerance （maximal GS and fatigue） performance decreased remarkably （ P 〈0.05） at 5 000 m and 5 500 m; Subjective Sense changed significantly at five simulated heights. With the altitude getting higher, the score of subjective sense increased steadily. Conclusion Mild and moderate acute hypobaric hypoxia significantly impairs manual performance. ISIHB, NBAT, SD and Subjective Sense are all more sensitive to hypoxia, and their work efficiency all significantly decreases at five simulated heights. Tolerance performance is less sensitive to hypoxia and significantly decreased only at 5 000 mand5500m.

关 键 词：急性低压缺氧 低压舱 手动作业 工作效率 工效学 

分 类 号：R857.1[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]